文法淺釋 (31)

文法淺釋系列 (31)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

二. 代名詞 ( Pronoun)

45)

有些先行詞+ 介詞+ 關係代名詞which = 先行詞+關係副詞，作限制性形容詞

子句，例句：

The private home vividly expresses the ideas on which Southern California was built.

 (這幢私人住宅生動地表達出南加州被建造的理念基礎)。

但原句不可用 where 代替 on which…因 South California was built (based)on the ideas. (依這些理念而建)

另例：

This is the ghost story in which the ghost comes back to life. 這是鬼在故事中復活的鬼故事。 (in which 不可用關係副詞取代)

上述規則先行詞必須限用於：

a. 時間： Tell me the time at which (= when) the meeting is to be held. 告訴我會議舉行的時間。

b. 地點：It was in Alaska in which (= where) I came across Joan我是在阿拉斯加邂逅了Joan 。                       

I think the best country is one in which rich Jews feel like living. 我認為最好的國家就是猶太人很喜歡住的地方。

c. 理由：The reason for which (= why) he was fired was he was not qualified. 他被解雇的理由是不能勝任。   

          

d. 狀態：It’s one of the many ways in which (= that) we’re committed to making this a better world.。 (*不可用 how 取代 that)

它是我們承諾將這個世界變更好的許多方法之一。

但，

You are measured on how well you perform. 看你如何表現來衡量你。 

 (上句how 為副詞連接詞，一面作副詞修飾 well；另一面作連接詞引導一個名詞子句作 on之受詞。)

Does your stock research live up to the same standard?你的股票研究是否配合得上相同的標準？

(精選句子)

 1)  It is no use saying to the tired “mental muscles”- if one may coin such an expression- “I will give you a good rest, “I will go for a long walk, or “I will lie down and think of nothing.  The mind keeps busy just the same.

(對於已經疲憊的頭腦-心智肌肉說這些話是無用的：「我會讓你好好

休息；我會好好散個步：我會躺下，什麼也不想。」即使我們創造了

這些話。可是，儘管如此，還是沒讓頭腦休息。)

註解：

1. coin v. 創造；杜撰 2. just the same  = in spite of that 儘管如此

2) Top producers look for the ways it can be done; underachievers look for the ways it cannot be done.

(頂尖的生產尋找成事的方法；做不成則尋找做不成的

方法)。

2)   Save hard for rainy days; save harder when it pours.

(為未來下雨的日子預先存錢-「未雨綢繆，積榖防飢」；在最不景氣時，更要多存一點錢。) 註：本句用rainy days 與pours對比，前者為名詞片語，後者為動詞。【比較】：It never rains but it pours. 不嗚則已，一鳴驚人。

*代名詞部分完

09/09/2013

Justin Lai編著

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