文法淺釋 (17)

文法淺釋系列 (17)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

二. 代名詞 ( Pronoun) :

15)

1) but作連接詞用與though(雖然) 易混淆；用but即不可用though，用though即不可用but，這是一般用法。but作關係代名詞用則含更深的意義，一般唸過文法者僅記得它是『但是』的意義。試看下列句子：

There are few but are concerned about the seriousness of pollution. (很少人不關心污染的嚴重)。

【上句若用who 或that 代替 but則全句變成“很少人關心….”似乎不合常理】。

又上句的few作不定代名詞用= few people，but 此處不作『但是』解，而是= who (that)…..not，即作含有否定的關係代名詞用；few……but….. 構成一個特殊句型，作『很少人…不』解。但是否用few…後面就須加but? 不一定。    

請比較下句：

Be among the ~ who know what it feels like. 《要成為知道它摸來的感覺的少數人之一。(能體會到它的感覺的行家不多)》(who know….like作形容詞子句修飾the few，而what it feels like作各詞子句，作know之受詞，又因few含複數意義，故 + 複數動詞) 。另例：

*Although men are accused for not knowing their own weakness, yet as

 few know their own strength.

儘管人們被指責不知道自己的缺點；可是知道自己優點者同樣不多。

= yet (=but)men who know their own strength are just as few.

2) but 此處作否定關係代名詞  =that(who, which)….not. 構成 “雙重否定” 作“沒有….不 … 解”  【注意】:

but前面之句型須為否定詞 (含形容詞no, not, few 或副詞hardly, never)

ow their own strength. = yet (=but)men who know their own strength are just as few

例：There is no one but is moved by his sincerity.

There is no one that is not moved by his sincerity.

= All are moved by his sincerity. 沒有人不被他的真誠所感動。

          

There is hardly anyone present at the concert but admires his performance.

= There is hardly anyone present at the concert that does not admire his performance. 參加音樂會每一個人幾乎都欣賞他的表演。 

例：No one but errs. 人非聖賢，孰能無過？

= There is no one that does not commit an error.= No one is perfect. = Everyone

has faults.

16) but 除上述作否定關係代名詞外，另外可作否定結果的連接詞：

Nothing is so difficulty but it becomes easy by practice. 沒有一件困難之事不因時常練習而變得容易。

but 作否定連接詞用 = …that…not… (..以致於不…) 它不是關係代名詞，而是副詞連接詞，表示與前述意思相反的結果。原句= Nothing is so difficult that it does not become easy by practice.

but作此用法，其前亦應有一個否定詞

Justin Lai

07/22/2013

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