文法淺釋系列 (12)
文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)
1) This is
confidential; this is something between you and me.
這是機密；不可向外人道也。(不可說between you
and I) between 是介詞應接受格；you and me，and 連接兩個受格。
人稱代名詞之排列順序為：
a. 單數：你、他、我he
and I/ him and me/ Tom and I
/ you and he/ you and him/ her and me/ you, he and I. 第一人稱排在最後，不論是主格或受格
b. 複數應為 我們、你們、他們we, you and they/ us, you and them等。第一人稱排在最前，不論是主格或受格
* confidential a. 機密的
2) His
is like the action of a devil; we can’t stand it. 他的動作像魔鬼一樣可怕，我們無法容忍它。
原句 = His action is like that of
a devil; we can’t stand it. (that=the action)
人稱代名詞之所有格有二：
a.
代名形容詞：= 形容詞， 如my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their：後可接名詞
b.
形容代名詞：= 名詞，可作主詞、受詞及補助語用
my + noun = mine 我的 our +noun = ours我們的
your +noun = yours你的 your +noun = yours 你(們)的
his + noun = his
他的 their +noun = theirs 他們的
her +noun = hers
她的 its
+ noun = its 牠(它)的
** 古體英文：thou (= you 主格) ；thy
/thine (=your 所有格) thee (=
you受格)
“Frailty,
thy name is woman.” 弱者你的名字是女人。
-Hamlet,
Shakespeare (莎士比亞戲劇中的一句台辭)
God be with thee (yee) 神與你同在。= G (o) od be with yee. =Good- bye (現代用語)
**注意: it’s = it is (它是) / its= of it (它的)
It’s (=It is) time for dinner.晚餐時間到了。
It had its leg broken in
jumping over the hole.牠在跳跨小坑時跌斷了腿。
3) 通常，我們在信末寫 Yours sincerely 或 Sincerely yours作為結束敬語。
Usually we write “yours sincerely (or sincerely
yours) at the end of a letter as a
complimentary close.
1.其他尚有：affectionately (親切地) yours；respectfully (尊敬地-對上司或長輩) yours；cordially (有禮地) yours；truly = sincerely (真誠地) yours, etc..
2. ~ly yours =〔We are (I am) ~ly a (friend, child, servant…
of) yours.
* complimentary a. 恭維的；免費的
a. A special gift
enclosed entitles you five ~entrees. 附贈禮物券一張，憑它免費贈送五樣主菜。
b. You can share ~
Additional Cards with others so that their purchases can help your savings
grow. 你可以與他人分享額外的致贈信用卡，以便他們的購物，可幫你的儲蓄額增加。
4) Air and water
are both important for life; perhaps that is more important than this. (空氣和水，兩者對生命是重要；也許前者比後者重要。)
this (指示代名詞) 指兩者之後者，(亦可用 the latter )；that 指前者 (亦可用the former)若為複數則用 these (後者) 和those (前者)
Note:
指示代名詞 that = the + 前述單數名詞; those = the + 前述複數名詞
例：
a. The tail
of a tiger is longer than that (=the tail) of a cat. 老虎的尾巴比貓長。
b. Are the
brains of London taxi drivers more highly developed than those of the city’s other citizens?
難道倫敦計程車司機的頭腦比其他民眾更發達嗎？
長句例子：
【Do
not talk about dress, either your own or that of
others. Perhaps you
may see
some boy or girl poorly dressed; but what of
that? Cotton
may be as clean as silk. 】
(that
= the dress；what of that，指那件事)
【別談論衣服，不論是自己的或他人的。也許你會看到某一男、女孩子穿著不好，可是，
又如何？只要乾淨，穿著粗棉布也許同絲織品一樣高貴】。
Justin Lai,
07/03/2013
嘉中校友全聯會
AACHW13
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