文法淺釋系列 (2)
《文法是學習英文三大要素之一，懂文法才能瞭解英語民族的表達與思維方式，進而
寫出正確、令人看懂的句子》。
一、名詞 (Noun) 下列各題有劃線部分粗體字為主題部分：
4) 集合名詞 (collective nouns)=the + Noun 屬不可數名詞，但其前面可加冠詞(article) ，它表示兩種意思：
a. The committee are divided in the opinion. (委員們意見分歧。)committee 委員會。
本句用複數動詞乃因committee = all the members on
committee 指全體委員
b. 但若指整體時，則接單數動詞：
The committee is made up(composed)
of 9 persons. 委員會由九人組成。比較：Twelve persons constitute the jury. 12人組成這陪審團。 其他類似字：
His family are
early risers. 他的家人是早起者。The family is a
large one.這是大家庭 。
The class are all in favor
of joining the plan. 班上全體贊成加入本計劃。
The class is large enough to
occupy the bus. 班級人數多到可以坐滿整台車。
*有些集合名詞亦可當普通名詞用:
*Many families were
destroyed during the horrible tornado, recently devastating Oklahoma.
在最近猛襲奧克垃荷馬州的可怕龍捲風中，有許多家庭被毁。
How many classes were added to the tour? 有多少班增加到旅行團。但，
The ruling class is taking
drastic measures against a series ofriots. 統治階級層正採用激烈
措施以對抗一連串的暴動。(the ruled class 被統治的階級)
【注意】：
a.
jury 陪審團 (集合名詞) 不可用作普通名詞；其普通名詞為juror。
The twelve jurors
were in unison in reaching their verdict. 十二位陪審團員一致作了判決。
b. the press 指新聞媒體之總稱，不作普通名詞用，但 journalist/ reporter 新聞記者；
記者或播報員；以上二字則屬C 普通名詞 (common noun)。
5) 抽象名詞 (abstract nouns) 亦屬不可數名詞，作抽象意義用時不可加冠詞。
Brevity is the soul of wit. 簡潔為機智的精髓。Handle it with care.小心輕放。
比較：前面可加『特定單位詞』。如：an act of folly 一件蠢事 ；an act
of kindness 一件善舉
a.
Stirring
New Year’s pot is a stroke of luck. 攪動新年的壺會帶來好運。(日本習俗)
b. No act of kindness, no matter how small,is ever wasted. 無論多麼小的一件捐贈物也未被浪費掉。
* 但，She has done me many kindnesses 她對我作了許多善事。
c. a fit
of laughter / coughing 一陣笑聲/ 咳嗽聲。
“between tears and laughter” 啼笑皆非
(tear可用複數，laughter則無)
**His refusal to
insult the hecklers was an impressive bit of gallantry, which
is an act of marked courtesy.
他的拒絕羞辱詰問者是令人印象深刻的英-它是一件顯著禮貌的行為。
若其前面加了定冠詞the，則另有意義：
*"If you are poor, have the courage to appear poor. (Washington Irving-美國名作家)
你若貧窮，就要有勇氣不擺闊—即承認是窮。" courage 勇氣 n.
其句型為：『sb (某人) + have the + 抽象名詞 + to + V』….(如此….以致於…)
= sb. + be so + adj. + as to + V. = sb. + be + adj. enough to + V
If you are poor, be so courageous as to
appear poor. = If
you are poor, be courageous enough to appear poor.
他例:
Harry had the kindness to show us the
way to the bank Henry 親切得告訴我們如何去銀行。
= Harry was so kind
as to show us the way to the bank. = Harry was kind enough to show us the way to the bank
*The man who would know one thing well must have
the courage to be ignorant
of a thousand
other things, however attractive and inviting.
只想精通一樣事的人，必需有勇氣面對一千件他感到茫然無知的其他事情，不論它們
是如何吸引人。
另有 curiosity 好奇， cruelty 殘忍， generosity慷慨等：
a. 他們好奇得立刻打開盒子。
They had the
curiosity to
open the box in no time. =They were so curious as to open the box in no time.
=They were curious enough
to open the box.
b. Winston慷慨得將其積蓄捐給慈善機構。
Winston had
the generosity to donate all his savings for charity.
=Winston was
so generous as to donate all his savings for charity.
=Winston was
generous enough to donate all
his savings for charity.
(待續)
Justin Lai, 06/02/2012
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