2013年8月26日 星期一

文法淺釋系列 (27)

文法淺釋系列 (27)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

. 代名詞 ( Pronoun)

32) 人稱代名詞的格

The bus waited while we boys said good-bye to each other. (公車等著,而我們孩子們互相道別。)
上句we said 之主詞,而boys 是主詞同位語

比較
The teacher told us boys not to tell on each other. 老師告訴我們不可互相告發。(usboys地位相同)

在正式英文中須注意人稱代名詞的格,雖然口語英語常以受格代替主格:

A: I love sports.  B: Me, too (= So do I.)  我也喜歡運動。

He is crazy. Me, either.= (So am I.) 他太熱心. 我也一樣。

(either正式用法應在否定句子中:Bob does not take toanimation films.

Bob不喜歡動畫電影。I don’t either. (= Neither do I) 我也不。

33) Tom, Dick and Harry each put forward a different scheme  (Tom, Dick and Harry 每人提出一個不同計畫。)

 1. Tom, Dick and Harry 亦可譯為“阿貓阿狗指普通一般人(ordinary people)
 each亦可置於人稱代名詞之後,如they eachthem eacheach of them

2. every 是形容詞;everything, everyone 是代名詞; each 可作
形容詞或代名詞。比較

a.     Each of the boys (= Each boy) is to take his responsibility 每位
b.    男孩都必須盡責。
b. Every boy (= All boys) is to take his responsibility. 全體男孩 都必須盡責。

以上 a 句強調「個體之每一」;b句強調「全體之每一 」。另外,each亦可表示「每位平均」,* each = per = apiece用法參閱「名詞」部分

34) Some say this; others say that. Whom shall I believe?  (眾說紛紜,我該相信誰?)

1. some 作“某一解時,其相對字是 other

 We’ll do it some time or other  我們總會找時間來做它。some
某些解時,則以others相對。others = other + 複數名詞 ,表示非特定的他人或他物:

”Do unto others as you would be done by.”  己所欲而施於人。

Do not do to others what you would not have others do to you. 己所欲勿施于人比較

At the peak of his notoriety, some folks called him, inevitably, an international man of mystery; others, the death merchant.   

在他惡名最昭彰時,有些人無可避免地叫他為國際神秘之士,另有人稱他是玩命的商人(peak n. 高峯)

Sometimes the kitty is cute; at other times it is naughty. 小貓有時可愛; 另有些時候卻頑皮。

2. others 前面可加 some; no; any many

A: We don’t like these hats; could you show me any others
我們不喜歡這些帽子;請你給我們看些別的,好嗎?

B: Sorry, we have no others 抱歉,我們只有這些。

B: Sure, there are many others on the other shelf. 沒問題,在另一架子上還有許多。

 “It is bad to be inferior to another; it is worst to be inferior
to all others.” 輸人不輸陣- 輸陣歹看面-臺灣俚語

 “It is possible to give away and become richer! It is also possible to hold on too tightly
 and lose everything.  Yes the generous man shall be rich. By watering others, he 
waters himself.   

(因施捨而更富有可能的。一毛不拔而致一無所有也是可能的。  是的,慷慨者會富裕;因為他滋潤別人也 滋潤了自己)

『註』: give away施捨;hold on to + something 緊握= be a miser (守財奴)

3. the others = the other + 複數名詞,指剩餘的全部= all the rest

例:Some are reading; others are playing chess while the others are listening to music. 有些人在讀書;另有些在下棋;剩下的人則在聽音樂。

4. another= an +other指非特定的單一其他者(用在三者以上)


08/26/2013

Justin Lai

校友全聯會
AACHW13




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