2013年8月6日 星期二

文法淺釋 (21)

文法淺釋系列 (21)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

. 代名詞 ( Pronoun) :

18) than一般作連接詞用,連接兩個子句,表示程度的比較,在前面的主要子句中應含有形容詞或副詞的比較級:(than所引導的子句為副詞子句)

This problem is tougher than the other one (is) 此問題比另一問題難。(tougher形容詞)
She followed the instructions more closely than the rest of them. 她比其餘人更仔細地按規定做。(more副詞)

Better late than never. (晚做比不做好)- 本句為格言,原句= (It is) better to be late than (it is) never (done).

但學過英文者很多人可能不知道,than可以作關係代名詞用:

He gave me more money than was needed. (他給我的錢比需要的多)than 作關係代名詞 =which ,此處作主格用,代替前述的money,它亦可作受格:

He deserves more praise than he really does. 他應得更多讚揚  *than = which, does 之受詞。其前述詞亦可以指人:

There were more people present than we had expected. 比我們期待更多的人出席。
比較

“There is a strong potential for more hardship and destitution than we have seen in this country in a number of decades.” 幾十年後,在本國很可能出現,比我們曾經看過的更多困苦與貧窮的生活情形(potential n. 潛力destitution 貧窮;decade十年)than have seen 之受詞。注意:一般關係代名詞可作主格、所有格與受格用,但than僅作主格及受格用。

19) itself 的用法:

itself it 之反身代名詞,一般用法指無生命的物或事。

Let’s get to the core of the matter itself. 讓我們來探討事情本身的核心。
itself 若接在抽象名詞之後,則可以修飾人或事物:

They are hospitality itselfthey are very hospitable.  (他們很好客)。若用themselves則不通 。

抽象名詞 + itself   = very + adj. = all + 抽象名詞      

beauty itself= very beautiful = all beauty 十分美麗
台北曾有一家酒家名叫「黑美人」(台語發音) 他們英文譯作“All Beauty一絕也!()

他例:
benevolence +~ = very benevolent  十分慈善;
generosity +~  = very generous  很慷慨
attention +~   = very attentive  = all attention  十分專心
cruelty + ~    = very cruel 十分殘忍
curiosity + ~  = very curious 很好奇。 all有時接複數名詞表示同樣意思

**比較

They are all smiles. 滿臉笑容。
They are all eyes  專心注視。=They are very attentive
They are all tears.  淚流滿面。=(They are in tears)  
They are all ears.  專心聆聽。

()酒家在廣東話意謂restaurant 餐廳,目前大多數人喜用pub表示喝酒的地方;pub= public house。美國有些地方仍沿用tavern () Beer Hall(啤酒館)


Justin Lai

08/06/2013

嘉中校友全聯會

AACHW13



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