文法淺釋(25)

文法淺釋系列 (25)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

二. 代名詞 ( Pronoun)

28) 續

*Each stage of life is a preparation for the next as well as a complete life 

in itself.  Childhood and youth are too precious to be sacrificed to the 

present convenience of adults or the later requirements of adult life, but, 

if they are lived only for their own sake, later life will become miserably 

poor and bitter regret will be in store.   

 (人生每一階段不但是為下一階段而作準備，而且它本身就是

完整的生活。童年與青春太珍貴了，以致不可虛度而犧牲了成

年目前的享受，或成年生活以後的需要；可是，如果讓青春與

童年得過且過；人生晚年會窮困潦倒，而且將逐漸積深往後痛苦

的懊悔。)

【註解】：for the next= for the next stage of life；as well as =and；too precious to be …= 如此珍貴以致不能；to the present..=為目前的…；if they are lived= childhood and youth青少年生活；for their own sake..= 為它們的緣故；miserable=痛苦的；bitter regret=痛

苦的後悔；in store= stored被儲存

29) that 若作人稱代名詞用，應接單數動詞

That is the point. 正是如此。 = That’s it. = Precisely. = Exactly.

That’s all. = That’s everything. 完畢

但若用在下列句型it + be + 加重語氣部份 +that…；that =  who/which ; 其後接之動詞之人稱和數應與前述詞一致。例

It is I that am to blame for the mistake. (這個錯是我的過失)。本句原為 I am to blame for the mistake.

本句常常有人寫成：It is I that is…….之結構，因誤把that 當人稱代名詞用。另例：

a. It is you that are to consult a lawyer now. 你需請教律師。= You are to consult a lawyer now.

b. It is often the failure who is the pioneer in new lands, new undertakings and new forms of expression.

失敗者常常是開創新天地，新事業與發明新話詞的先驅者。(failure n. 失敗者)

比較：一個句子可加強語氣的部分為(主詞、受詞與副詞片語/子句)

Tim visited his uncle on that morning.

(主詞)          (受詞)   (副詞片語)     

        

a. It was Tim that visited his uncle on that morning.

上午拜訪他叔叔的是Tim。(主詞)

b. It was his uncle that Tim visited on that morning.

 上午Tim所拜訪的是他叔叔。(受詞) 

                             

c. It was on that morning that Tim visited his uncle. (副詞 ：包括單字，片語與子句)就是在上午Tim 拜訪他叔叔。

l 比較：

 d. It was through the ferocity of the illness that so many were lost, and not through any form of negligence or malice on her part. 原句為：

 So many were lost not through any form of negligence or malice on her part but through the ferocity of the illness.

 失去了許多生命，並非由於疏忽或她的邪惡，而是因為疾病的肆虐。

(註：negligence n. ；malice n. 邪惡；ferocity n.兇猛)

本句加强部分為through the ferocity of illness.. 的介系詞片語

l 比較：

It is a long lane that has no turning.  (任何長巷必有轉彎-喻-否極泰來) 本句不可譯為：這是沒有轉彎的長巷   

It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.  (無論如何不好的風，不見得人人皆蒙其害-喻，害於此者則利於彼。) 本句不可譯為：它是對任何人都沒有好處的不好的風

**以上兩句中之從屬子句均為否定。

Justin Lai

08/19/2013

校友會

AACHW13