文法淺釋系列 (26)
文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)
二. 代名詞 ( Pronoun)
30) 表示兩者的不定代名詞與其應接的動詞單/複數:
1. neither
(兩者皆不)
+ 單數動詞:
Neither applies to the case. 兩者均不適用本案。Neither
of the roads leads to the museum. (這兩條路皆不通達博物館)。
2. either
(兩者任一) + 單數動詞: Either of
the two cars is for sale.
兩者任一要出售。
3. both
(兩者皆有)
+ 複數動詞:Both
of the gentlemen are satisfied with
it. 兩位
紳士都滿意它。比較:
〔All roads lead to Rome〕條條大路通羅馬。All作形容詞
比較:
〔 ‘ "Calmed’
roads lead to a storm” 〕表面看似安靜的道路反會通向暴風雨。(大塞車)
After a storm comes a calm. 雨過天晴。
It is a storm
in a teacup. 大驚小怪。(小題大作)(有人直譯:茶壺里的風暴。)
31)
a. all 作代名詞用可以等於 everything, 後接單數動詞:All is
calm; all is bright. 大地一切是寧靜; 是明亮的。 All is
well that ends well. 好的結局總是好的。(好頭不如好尾-臺灣俚語)
All that glitters is not gold.
(發亮的一切東西不一定是黃金;意即:不可以貌取人。或「人不可貌相」)。
“All that you have learned only makes you feel how little you know in comparison to what remains to be known.” 學然後知不足。
*以上兩句的主詞均為All
b. 若
all 指全體的可數名詞則應接複數動詞:
All (of the students) are
required to finish the test in 45 minutes.
全體學生們被要求45分鐘內考完。
c. all….not
= not…all… (並非全是; 有些是;另有些不是);是屬於三者以上的部分否定:
All of the students are not interested in
political science.並非所有學生們都對政治學感興趣。= Some are interested….but others
are not…
亦可用not….all表示同義:
Not all of his products have rocked digital culture, but many are
considered masterpieces.
並非他全部的產品皆已晃動了數據文化,但許多產品卻被認為是傑作。
Not all drinking is good for your heart; moderation
counts. 喝酒並非全有益心臟;但適量飲用是重要的。
【註:moderation n. 有節制count
v. 是重要的。 “Every minute counts.” 分秒必争】
比較:
None of the students are deprived
of their legal right.沒有一個學生被剝奪了他們合法的權利。 (注: none 是屬於全部的否定)
d. both…not… = not…both… (並非兩者皆是;
一個是;另一個則不是) ;是屬於兩者的部分否定。
Both of the parents do not desire to talk to
the councilor並非父母兩位都想和輔導老師談話。
(注:neither 則屬兩者之全部否定:Neither is correct.
兩項皆錯)
Justin Lai
08/21/2013
校友全聯會 英語漫談
AACHW13
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