文法淺釋 (24)

文法淺釋系列 (24)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

二. 代名詞 ( Pronoun) :

25) 如何辨別 as such與 such as的用法？

John is the chairman of the Board, and as such must decide which action to take. John是董事長，基於此身份，他必須決定該採取何種行動。

1.    as such 像這樣，as 此處作介係詞 = in the capacity of (身為; 具…之身份) ; such 作名詞= the chairman of the Board 董事長，類似句子：

He is a gentleman and expected to be treated as such. 他是位紳士並期待被待之以紳士

*He is now the senator-designate from Illinois and, as such, will be accorded all the rights and privileges of a senator-elect.”

目前他是伊利諾州指定的參議員，基於此身分，他將賦予參議員當選人所有的特權，以符其身分。

2.   A. such as  (= like) + 受詞 ：例如：

He loves sports, such as football, tennis and hiking. 他喜歡運動，例如，足球、網球、和走路。

* 比較：as is 照原(現) 狀：

*The property is to be sold as (it) is. 這座房地將以現狀出售。(即賣主不整修)。

“Sometimes contributing to the world means leaving just as it is.”

有時對世界有所貢獻，意謂保留它的現狀。(含不破壞、不改變之意)

另外，such as與such….as之用法：(請詳前述such之用法)

3. 其他句型：   

As many people as come will be entertained 來的人全會被招待。

(上句第一 As 作副詞修飾 many， 第二 as (=who) 作關係代名詞用；作 come 之主詞)

26) 關係代名詞之單複數須與其前述詞一致：

a. Dr. John Smith is the only one of the scholars who was awarded the Nobel Prize.在這些學者中，Smith 博士是唯一受頒諾貝爾獎的人。

關係代名詞 who 之前述詞是 the only one ，故其動詞應為 was. 

**比較： 

       

b. Tom is one of the boys who play truant.  Tom 是一些翹課的男孩之一。who 之前述詞是boys

【注意】：a.b. 兩句之差別在only，有the only one…. 接單數動詞。                                                   

27) 人+ be + beside + oneself + with + 抽象名詞 

= 人 be at the end of one’s self-control with…(因某事而喪失自制力) 

注意：beside之後應接反身代名詞

be ~ oneself with grief… (因悲傷而失常)：

He is beside himself with grief over the loss of his son. 因兒子的過世他悲痛不已。

She is beside herself with anger at this business loss.對於此生意損失，他憤怒 得抓狂。

28) 用對等連接詞連接的兩個主詞，如何決定其應接

的動詞與代名詞?

Neither Jack nor Mary knows her answer.  (Jack 和Mary 皆不知他們的答案)。

1. neither A nor B…. / either A or B, 其後所接的動詞和代名詞均須與『第二』主詞一致：

Either you or George has his own ambition. 你和  George 都有自己的大志。 

2. A as well as (no less than) B …必須與『第一』主詞一致：

Tom as well as his brothers is going to hand in his homework. Tom 和他弟弟們將繳交家課。

3. Both A and B + 複數動詞/複數代名詞：                 

Both Dick and Bob are absent from their class.  Dick 和Bob均缺席。

4. not only …..but….: 必須與『第二』主詞一致

Not only John but his brothers have handed in their assignment.

不僅John其弟們也交了家課。

Justin Lai

08/14/2013

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