文法淺釋系列 (23)
文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)
21) * it 可用以指一段時間：
a. It is three years since he came back. 他回來已經三年。= Three years have passed since he came back.
b. How long will it
take to drive from here to New York? 從這里開車到紐約要多久？
It will not be long before it becomes
possible to travel to the moon. (不久就能到月球旅行)。
原句第一個 it 指自現在到成行需多少時間；第二個 it則指 to travel to the moon這件事。 (not long before+子句：不久之後。
【比較】：He will show up before
long. 他不久就會來。before
long = soon
22) I think it skeptical that he’ll recover from
the loss of his daughter. (我懷疑他對女兒去世的悲慟能恢復過來)。skeptical a. 令人懷疑的
it 此處作『虛受詞』代替後述 that引導之子句；it 亦可代替後述之不定詞或動名詞片語。其句型為：
S + Vt. +
it + O.C. (受詞補語) + that 子句 (to + v / V-ing) 例：
They make it possible
to get there in one hour. 一小時內抵達那里，他們辦到了。
I think it good
for health taking (or to take) morning exercise. 我認為晨間運動是有益健康的。
They made it clear that they
were running short of ammunition.
他們講明白-他們正缺乏軍火。
23) 介系詞+itself的不同意義：
a. by +
oneself = alone 獨自地
He came here by himself= He came here without
anyone’s company.
b. of+
itself = automatically (自動地) = without
any help.
No one pushed the door open; it opened of
itself. 無人推開門；它自己開的。
All of a sudden
the candle light went out of itself. (燭光突然自己熄滅；no one put it out. )
c. in + itself
本身
The matter in itself is a complicated one. 此事本身就是複雜。
24) 不定代名詞 somebody(someone) ；anybody (anyone) ；everybody (everyone) ；nobody (no one/ none) 可作主格與受格用。
He who tries to
please everybody pleases nobody. 父子騎驢。(無法取悅每一個人)
*不定代名詞之所有格可以-’s來形成：
Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. (眾人之事無人管)。
a. Someone
says that everybody is somebody’s
fool.
有人說每一個人都會受別人愚弄。
b. Do not be too ready to
get involved in another’s private affairs.
別太喜歡干預別人私事。(be too ready to…太喜歡…)
c. The
two are never
weary of each other’s company
這兩人在一起，從未對對方感厭倦。
Justin Lai
08/12/2013
嘉中校友全聯會
AACHW13
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