文法淺釋系列 (28)

文法淺釋系列 (28)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

二. 代名詞 ( Pronoun)

35) / 36) 兩題繼續討論下列易混淆的不定代名詞：

one, the one, another, other, the other, others, the others. 例：

To know is one thing; to practice what you know is quite another. (知道是一回事；做又是另一回事。)

a.     the other 是指兩者之另一；another = an+ other則是三者以上

之另一：例：Students are leaving the room one after the other (another)

學生們魚貫地離開教室。

*one after the other 指“兩位”；one after another 指三者以上“ 一個接 一個”。

b. 本句 = To know is quite different from to practice. 知與做是兩碼事。

* ﹝因此，若別人對你說“ You are a fool!”，你不必動怒，也不必辯稱 

” I am not, but you are!”  相反地，你若回答說 “If I am a fool, you are

another!”我笨，你也不聰明。” 不但和氣而且幽默。﹞

《Public men are nearly always being overblamed or overpraised, and the 

more knowledge they have of themselves, the less likely they are to be unduly 

depressed by the one or to be unduly elatedby the other.

(一般大眾幾乎不是一直被過度譴責就是被過度讚美；他們

若對自己認識愈清楚，就愈不可能對前者感到不適當地鬱悶，

或是對後者感到不適當地喜悅。)

(註：the one 前者；the other 後者；are always being +p.p. 一再被…… )

36) There are three boys in the room; one is playing another is drawing;the third 

is scribbling. (房里有三位男孩；一位 正和小狗戲耍；一位在畫圖；另一位

在塗鴉。) 

如前所述，the other指兩者之另一，不可用在第三者 (時下許多文法書皆犯

此錯誤) *

 Note：『若有四項 (或位)，則第三項應為 a third ，第四為the fourth；the third 

是三項(位) 的最後一 項 (位)；a third 則是四或四以上之某一第三項 (位)』

37) none, none but, all but 之區別：

“None but the brave deserve the fair.” (英雄才配得上美女)。

1.    none 指三者以上皆不，若代替人或可數名詞, 後大都接複數動詞。

但現在也有人用單數，例：None of the telephones is (are) working. 

沒有一具電話是通的。

2.but 此處作介詞 = except (除了); the brave = the brave people (英雄；

勇者) the fair = the fair people (美人) ，but the brave作介係詞片語修飾 none。

3. none 若代替不可數名詞則接單數動詞：

例 :None of the money on the table is mine. 桌上的錢都不是我的。

None but the best coffee is good enough. 只有上等咖啡才夠好。

*Note:  none= not any; no one = not any one須接單數動詞

None of the movies appeal to the children.  沒有一部電影討孩子們喜歡。

比較：All but John will receive the notice.  除了John 外都會接到

通知。All but John…= All except John…

Nicholas was all but (= almost) drowned.  尼古拉差一點溺死。(all but =副詞片語)

Multiple sclerosis, diagnosed in 1985, all but silenced him in his later years. 

1985年診斷出的多種硬化症狀，幾乎使他在晚年沒沒無聞。(silence v. = make…silent使…不出名或靜下來)

“At all but a few booths, contract starlets treat the fans with the

same absent, rigid-faced courtesy that flight attendants and restaurants

hostesses tend to use.”

(在幾乎不少小亭傍，一些訂有合約的明日之星的女演員，以隱藏

冷漠的表情對待影迷-(粉絲)們; 這種表情與空服員和餐廳

女侍，對待客人的態度沒有兩樣)。

『註：rigid = cold；rigid-faced courtesy= courtesy with rigid faces

帶冷淡表情的客氣；absent 看不見的；that= which；tend to…= have tendency to有…之傾向』

4. none other than…= no one else but  (簡直就是) 

It is none other than George!  不是別人而是喬治!

5. None of +名詞！ 用於感嘆句，表示命令，例：

None of your business! = Mind your own

business! ！勿管閒事！=None of your concern!

 None of your foolishness!  = Stop being foolish.  別傻了!

Justin Lai

08/28/2013

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