文法淺釋系列 (86)

文法淺釋系列 (86)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

七. 助動詞 (Modal Auxiliary)  與詰問句 (Tag Question) :  

3) It is imperative that proper action be taken.  (該採取適當行動)。   

It is〔necessary, essential (必須的) indispensable (不可或缺), vital , ( 十分

重要) , imperative〕+ that + Subj.  + (should)+ V  (主動)

                            + (should) + be + P.P.   (被動)

*〔此處 should (可省略)〕

以上句型表示說話者之 “堅持” 其後之動詞均含未來之義：

It is vital that he (should) see a doctor at once.   他必須立刻去看醫生。

It is imperative that immediate measures be taken about the evacuation. 迫切

需要，採取有關撤離問題之立即措施。比較：

*【Knowledge flourishes best in an atmosphere of free discussion;

and in order to direct social policy wisely, it is necessary that there

should be freedom to criticize existing institutions and to put

forward unpopular opinions, no matter how offensive they may be to

prevailing attitudes. 】   

(在自由討論的氣分中，知識最蓬勃；同時為了明智地引導社會政策，

必須有批評時下制度，並且也可以提出一些冷僻看法的自由，無論這些

看法對於一般流行的作法如何具有攻擊性)。

4)  It is a pity that he should have insulted me last night. (遺憾的是，他昨晚竟侮辱我)。

a. It is a pity (regrettable), strange, ….that + S. + should + V  (表示現在或未來) ：

 It is regrettable that he should say (or says) so.  遺憾他竟這麼說。

b. It is regrettable that + S. + should have + P.P. (表示過去已發生之事) ：

  It is regrettable that he should have died (或 died ) young. 遺憾他竟英才早逝 。    

*以上should 含“加強語氣”；類似用法另如：

S+ see no reason why +S. should +V.- 想不出竟……(與自己看法反)

“There is no character more contemptible than a man that is a fortune-hunter;

and I can see no reason why fortune-hunting women should not be contemptible,

too.”

追求財富的男人的品德是最可鄙的；可是我想不通，追求財富的婦女就不

可鄙。(contemptible a. 可鄙的)

5)While living in the country, Mr. Benson used to like to do some

fishing. (住在鄉下時，Mr. Benson 一向喜歡垂釣)。

used to + v 與 would + (often )+ V 均表示某種過去的習慣：

     

When irritated, he would often speak dirty language.被激怒時，他過去一向

會說髒話。

I used to work from dark to dark at this job, and I was still broke. 從前我天未亮

即工作直到天黑，卻仍一文不名。

1但 used to like 是「過去一向喜歡」，而 would like 則是「現在一時喜歡」：

*Would you like something to drink?  你 (現在) 想喝點什麼?

* Do you like something to drink while you are reading? 平常讀書時你喜歡

喝點什麼 ?

 Would you like to talk to him in person?  你(現在)要親自和他談談 ?

  = Do you want to talk to him in person?

〔注：Which would you like to drink, tea or coffee? 〕** 答句不宜僅答Tea

或Coffee. 最好在選項名稱後加 please 以表示禮貌； 若拒絕時，應答：

No, (but) thank you.                

2. 用於比較時，僅可用 used to ：

 a. Ted is more diligent than he used to be.  (不可用would be)Ted 比從前更用心。

 b. Mary handles problems as carefully as she used to. (不可用would). Mary

處理難題時和過去一樣細心。

08/06/2014

Justin Lai編