文法淺釋系列 (34)
文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)
二. 形容詞 ( Adjective)- 形容名詞或代名詞
4) 一般形容詞有兩種用法:
1.
作補述用(complement):如 , asleep, alike,
, alive, etc.
a. 主詞補述:S. + be / 感官動詞 (如
feel, look, sound, smell, taste, etc.)
/ 聯綴動詞 (如go, keep,
fall, remain, rest etc.)
+ S.C. (主詞補語) :
It sounds great.
聽起來很棒。 We remain silent. 我們保持安靜。
The soup tastes sour. 湯嘗起來是酸的 。
You may rest
assured that everything will be taken good care of. 你盡可放心一切都會加以妥善照顧。
*Rest assured, it is not easy to gain our support- we are a tough
crowd to please. 放心;要得到我們的支持並不容易- 我們是一群挑剔的觀眾。(難以討好)
Japan’s car-parts
makers go global. 日本汽車零件製造商變成全球化。
b.
受詞補述:S. Vt. + O. + O.C. (受詞補語)
We made it possible
to get to Boston in three hours. 我們能在三小時後抵達波士頓。 (possible 補述 it )
Sorry for keeping
you waiting. 抱歉久等了。(waiting
補述 you) I found him
asleep. 我發現他入睡。(asleep 補述 him)
2.作限制性用法 (attributive use)- 即置於所修飾的名詞前面或後面:
Did you see a sleeping
boy on the park bench? (你看到一位在公園長板凳上睡覺的男孩 ?)
There are enough text books (或 text books enough) for children to go around.有足夠的參考書夠孩童們分配使用。
*注意:
有些形容詞具以上兩種用法;另有些則僅具一種用法; 能作補述用的不一定能作限制用; 反之亦然。
sleeping 和 sleepy (困的)
兩種用法均可:
He is sleeping
on the bench. 他睡在長板凳上;a sleeping beauty
睡美人
I feel sleepy.
(= drowsy) 我困了。 a sleepy boy睏的男孩
比較:
He is (falls) asleep. 他入睡。( asleep 限作S. C. 主補)
試比較下列形容詞用法:(「補」表示作補述用;「限」表示作限制
用法 ):
1.
alike 與like 之比較:
a. Tom looks like
a clown. (小丑) (補) = Tom and a clown looks alike.
Tom看起來像小丑。
b. They are as like as two peas. 他們長得唯妙唯肖 (補)
*
Note: like 亦可作限制用法:
Like father, like son. 有其父必有其子。 (限)
They did it in
like manner. 他們用同一方法做。
(注: Like= the same= similar) = They did it in the same manner. (限) =They did it likewise. (adv.)
2.alive, live, living, lively 之比較:
a. They found him alive. (補) He remains alive. = He survives他被發現仍活著。
The police are
trying to get him, dead or alive. (補)不論死活員警都要抓他 。
2. live +
n. (限) : ~ fish 活魚; a ~ performance 現場表演;
~broadcast 現場直播; a ~match 未用過的火柴; ~ wire 有通電的電線;( dead wire 未通電的電線)
*最近一些美語出現live 作補述之「怪」用法:
*〔All speakers (are) live and in
person.〕 所有講演者都是由實人親臨現場
。Note:alive 僅作補述用法/ live 僅作限制用法:
4. living (正活著); lively
(活潑生動的) 兩字之用法不拘:
a. The living
or the dead will keep
fresh memory of this battle. 無論生者或死者將牢記此戰役。
b. The old sailor is still living in
a cottage. 這位老水手仍活著住在一小茅屋中。
c. We really enjoy a lively conversation 我們交談愉快。 a lively young child 活潑的小孩
Justin Lai編著
09/18/2013
校友全聯會
AACHW13
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