文法淺釋系列 (33)
文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)
二. 形容詞 ( Adjective)- 形容名詞或代名詞
3)一般單音節字之比較級與最高級:常在字後加er;
est:
warm, warmer, warmest /cold, colder, coldest/mild,
milder, mildest (温柔的)。但短母音須重複子音再加er, est:
hot, hotter, hottest/ sad, sadder, saddest/glad, gladder/ gladdest/ weak,
weaker, weakest/ gray, grayer, grayest(灰色的)。但y前面是子音時,去y改為i再加er/est,如dry,
drier, driest。又bad (屬不規則) 用worse, worst
另外有一些常用雙音節字則直接加er,
est。若以y結尾,則把字尾的y改為i再加er, est:
1. 原級 比較級 最高級
happy happier happiest
clever cleverer
cleverest 聰明的
narrow narrower narrowest
狹窄的
early earlier earliest
早的
deadly deadlier deadliest 可怕的。
sober soberer (more sober) soberest (most sober)- 清醒的
但,
*We make it badder
instead of bigger. The mid-size
truck with full-size capability.
我們的卡車造得不是更大而是更有衝勁。中型卡車但具大型的威力。
(日產汽車廣告)
『bad = offensive 具攻擊力』註:bad之原意為(壞的) worse
worst。
2. 試比較下列三句:
a. He is the happiest boy among them. (與別人比較時最高級前
須加 the) 他是他們中最快樂。
b. He is most happy to
help his neighbors. =He is very happy to help his neighbors.
他十今樂意幫助鄰居。
*(自己本身不同情況之比較,雖是最高級也不必加 the。)
I am more
than happy to answer your questions if you have any. (如果你有問題,我十分樂意回答)。
上句不可寫成:I am happier
to…,雖happy是雙音節形容詞,但不可用happier,因它此處屬於「本身自己的比較」。
人+ be more than happy to+ V (很高興做...)
= 人+ be very happy to +V
* America, it seems, was more than ready
to embrace an alien invasion steeped in
September 11 imagery
似乎美國很有準備接受,久揮不去的911外國人入侵的影像。
若屬於兩者之相比則須用happier :He is happier than I am. (他比我快樂。)
c. I do not want to
tell him the truth any more than
he wants to hear it.我不想告訴他實情;同樣,他也不想知道它。
* Note: no
more + adj.. than…= not + adj. any more. …than… (和…..一樣不)
He is no more happy than I am = He is
not happy; nor am I.
他和我都不快樂。
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