文法淺釋系列 (32)
文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)
二. 形容詞 ( Adjective)- 形容名詞或代名詞
1) John was once
warmly received by the late President, Richard Nixon. (John 曾經受已故總統尼克森盛情接待)。形容詞+名詞,作限制用法。
1. late
adj. 遲的; 晚的
Mary is an early
riser, while her brother is a late
one. Mary 是早起者, 而弟弟則是晚起者。
【早到者叫early bird;late comer是晚到者】
**A late decision, a lasting anguish. 一個晚做的決定就得擔一輩子的痛苦。(勸人當機立斷,早作決定)
A 2 % ~ charge will be added to the bill. 百分之二晚繳的罰金
將併入賬單。
2.*〔 late 〕亦可作 "已故" 解
the
~ president = the deceased president 原句若指前任,則應用 ex-noun;
例 :his ex-wife
前妻
ex-husband 前夫
ex-mayor 前市長
; 今日美語一提到 one’s ex, 聽話者就明白是wife 或husband
* Note:
在Rotary Club (扶輪社)
中, 把前一任社長稱為 past president (P.P. +姓氏) 如:
P.P. Williams 威廉前社長; C.P.(Charter President) 則為「創社社長」
3. last + noun (人):指順序上的最後
例:Chris is the first
(person) to arrive but the last (person) to leave. Chris 最早到卻最後離開
。
** Call us first and call us last. 最先打電話給我們,就不用找第二家了。-
(first; last adv. - 本句為car dealer 汽車商之廣告詞)
Thus first necessity invented stools. Convenience next
suggested elbow-chairs, and luxury accomplished sofa last.
因此首先因需要發明矮凳子,其次為了方便才有扶手椅子,最後因豪華才有沙發。(first; next,
last 均作adv.)
A
naval mission outside the Pacific region would be a first. 中國海軍派往太平洋以外地區執勤將是頭一回。(注意:a first指某事的第一次,the first 則指僅有的第一次。
4. the last + Noun (+ 子句或不定詞片語 to + V) 亦有特別的意義:
i. She is the
last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.
= I have no wish whatever to sit
next to her at dinner她是我在宴會中最不喜歡與之鄰座的女人。
ii. Seattle is the last place where I
expect to meet her.
= I might expect
to meet her elsewhere except in Seattle我絕不可能在西雅圖遇到她。
iii. She is the last (person) to lie. =
She will never lie.她絕不可能說謊。
** 以上句中之last
含有 least likely; ~ suitable; ~willing;
~ desirable (最不可能的;最 不適合的; 最不願意的; 最不希望的)。
2) This is the latest book by John
Brown. His next one will be published in
two years.
(這是Jon Brown
的近作;他下一本書兩年後出版)。
*the last book (遺作); the latest
book (近作)
Note:
late 之比較級和最高級如下:
指時間- later
(較晚的,與earlier相對) latest (最近的)
指順序- latter
(後者,與former 相對) last (最後的)
a. Some revisions
will be made in a later
edition. 下一版會有一些修訂。
b. The latest news from the
front doesn’t sound so encouraging. 前線傳來的最新消息,聽起來似乎不怎麼令人鼓舞。
Note:the former (前者 =that);the latter (後者 =this),其用法請參閱『代名詞』部份
Justin
Lai編著
09/11/2013
校友全聯會
AACHW13
沒有留言:
張貼留言