2013年9月11日 星期三

文法淺釋系列 (32)

文法淺釋系列 (32)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

. 形容詞 ( Adjective)- 形容名詞或代名詞

1) John was once warmly received by the late President, Richard Nixon. (John 曾經受已故總統尼克森盛情接待)形容詞+名詞,作限制用法。

1. late adj. 遲的; 晚的             
Mary is an early riser, while her brother is a late one.  Mary 是早起者, 而弟弟則是晚起者

【早到者叫early birdlate comer是晚到者】

**A late decision, a lasting anguish. 一個晚做的決定就得擔一輩子的痛苦。(勸人當機立斷,早作決定)

A 2 % ~ charge will be added to the bill. 百分之二晚繳的罰金
將併入賬單。    
              
2.* late 〕亦可作 "已故"  
                      
 the ~ president = the deceased president  原句若指前任,則應用 ex-noun;  
  his ex-wife 前妻 ex-husband 前夫  ex-mayor 前市長 今日美語一提到 one’s ex, 聽話者就明白是wife husband 
* Note:
Rotary Club (扶輪社) 中, 把前一任社長稱為 past president (P.P. +姓氏) 如:
P.P. Williams 威廉前社長; C.P.(Charter President) 則為「創社社長

3. last + noun ()順序上的最後
 Chris is the first (person) to arrive but the last (person) to leave.  Chris 最早到卻最後離開
           **     Call us first and call us last. 最先打電話給我們,就不用找第二家了。-
                    (first; last adv. - 本句為car dealer 汽車商之廣告詞)

Thus first necessity invented stools. Convenience next suggested elbow-chairs, and luxury accomplished sofa last.

因此首先因需要發明矮凳子,其次為了方便才有扶手椅子,最後因豪華才有沙發(first; next, last 均作adv.)

A naval mission outside the Pacific region would be a first.  中國海軍派往太平洋以外地區執勤將是頭一回。(注意a first指某事的第一次the first 則指僅有的第一次。

4. the last + Noun (+ 子句或不定詞片語 to + V) 亦有特別的意義:

i. She is the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.
 = I have no wish whatever to sit next to her at dinner她是我在宴會中最不喜歡與之鄰座的女人

 ii. Seattle is the last place where I expect to meet her.
= I might expect to meet her elsewhere except in Seattle我絕不可能在西雅圖遇到她。

 iii. She is the last (person) to lie. = She will never lie.她絕不可能說謊。  
          
** 以上句中之last 含有 least likely ~ suitable; ~willing; ~ desirable (最不可能的; 不適合的; 最不願意的; 最不希望的)

  
2)  This is the latest book by John Brown.  His next one will be published in two years.
(這是Jon Brown 的近作;他下一本書兩年後出版)

*the last book (遺作) the latest book (近作)

Note late 之比較級和最高級如下

指時間- later (較晚的earlier相對) latest (最近的)

指順序- latter (後者former 相對) last (最後的)

a. Some revisions will be made in a later edition. 下一版會有一些修訂。

b. The latest news from the front doesn’t sound so encouraging. 前線傳來的最新消息,聽起來似乎不怎麼令人鼓舞。

Notethe former (前者 =that)the latter (後者 =this),其用法請參閱『代名詞』部份

Justin Lai編著

09/11/2013

校友全聯會

AACHW13




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