文法淺釋系列 (84)

文法淺釋系列 (84)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

六、 語態  (Voice) ：

8) It is to be pitied that those inmates at the camp are suffering from malnutrition.

(值得同情的是那些被關在營里的犯人正罹患營養不良)。

 pity n. 同情；憐憫；to be pitied = pitiable a.值得同情的

比較：pitiful a. 同情的

Judy said, “I want to love and to be loved”  Judy 說「我要愛人也要被愛。」

“To be or not to be；that’s the question”生或死才是問題的關鍵。

(To live or to die is the question)。(莎翁在其名劇-Hamlet中著名台詞)。

【意謂】：「是該斷然決定問題的時刻了」。

有人說：

「A bad decision is better than no decision.」錯誤的決定比寡斷好。

英文常見以to +v的片語作名詞不定詞用，可作主詞、受詞或主詞

補語；雖然to+v表示主動，to+be+P.P.表示被動）；但常有引申

之意：

*After visiting the museum, the tourist said, “Nothing in particular. In

fact, there is nothing to see.” 參觀過博物館後，觀光客說「沒有什麼特別；

根本不值一看」。

註：There is nothing to be seen. 空無一物=nothing visible。

*Are there such luxuries to be had? 會有如此豪華的事物?

有人在裝高級水梨木箱寫著：

*《Perishable.  Keep refrigerated. 》易腐品，請冷藏。

 

*《Time is perishable, irreplaceable and it cannot be saved.》時間會逝去的，不可取代的，也無法儲存。

perishable = to be perished可取代的；irreplaceable=not to be replaced* ir~不可取代的。

*不定詞之被動語態= 形容詞 (-able / -ible)：通常-able接在動詞之後：washable 可洗的，lovable可愛的；attainable可達成的

而-ible則接在名詞之後：vision—visible看得見的；hear- audible聽得見的；(audio-visual

視聽的)。

*這些形容詞之否定，多在其前面加否定字首：un- , in- , im-, ir- ,例

respond v.回答，response n. responsible 負責的，irresponsible a.不負責的，

irresponsive無反應的；regular 有規則的；irregular不規則的

【以下為常見用詞，宜熟記】

A.   以-able結尾：

to be accounted = accountable = responsible ; liable 對…負責的

to be adjusted= *adjustable 可調整的，~ rate 浮動利率(fixed rate固定利率)

adjustable flame 打火機。但日本人叫lighter。

to be argued = arguable可辯論的

to be appreciated = appreciable 可估價的

to be applied= applicable (appropriate) 可應用的，適當的          

to be assumed = *assumable 可假定的，可承擔(或接手)的(責任或貸款等) ；~ loan貸款

l impalpable 無法觸摸 not perceptible to the touch不易了解；too subtle

to be understood.

to be borne= bearable可以忍受的; *unbearable 不可以忍受的

to be broken = breakable a. 易碎的

to be changed = changeable 善變的

to be charged = chargeable 可被控告的；可課稅的

to be controlled = controllable可控制的

to be counted= countable可數的，uncountable不可數的

l innumerable 不可勝數

to be credited = creditable有信用的，值得讚賞的* discreditable不名譽的

not to be believed =unbelievable不可相信的，但*incredible不可相信的，或too unusual to be

possible；十分美好的

There was an incredible disdain in his tone. 他說話的語調含無法想信的輕視。

l credulous輕信的 incredulous懷疑的

not to be cured = incurable 無法治癒的

to be denied = deniable 能否認的 * un~ 無法否認的

not to be described = indescribable無法描述的；in~ bly beautiful 無

法描述的美

to be explained = * explicable 可以解釋的* in~ 不可解釋的

to be exchanged = exchangeable 可交可換的

to be excused = excusable可寬恕的

to be paid = payable to + 人，付給…

to be forgiven = forgivable可寬恕的；*un~不可寬恕的

not to be tired = indefatigable = tireless不感疲倦的

to be burned (excited)= *inflammable易燃的，易激動的

to be deducted = deductable可扣除的

to be depended on = dependable可靠的

to be deplored = deplorable可悲的

to be enjoyed = enjoyable有娛樂性的

to be imagined = imaginable可想像的

not to be imitated= inimitable無可妨效的

to be honored = honorable受尊敬的

not to be transcended = insuperable 不可超越的

to be justified = justifiable可證明是正當的

to be laughed = laughable可笑的

to be measured = measurable可測量的；immeasurable不可測量的

to be negotiated = negotiable可商議的

to be noticed= noticeable 顯著的

to be moved = movable 可移動的 * immovable不可移動的

not to be pardoned = unpardonable不可赦免的

not to be placated or appeased = placable 可安撫的；relentless = *implacable 粗暴的

to be ported = portable手提的

to be printed = printable可付印的

to be preferred = preferable較好的

to be predicted = predictable 可預測的

to be profited = profitable 有利可圖的

to be punished = punishable會被處罰的

to be questioned = questionable被質疑的

to be recharged = rechargeable可充電的

to be recognized = recognizable 可辨認的

to be redeemed (recovered) = *redeemable可贖回的

to be refuted = refutable 可以駁斥的

to be refunded = refundable 可退費的(貨物) * non-refundable不可退費的

(貨物)

to be regretted = regrettable 令人遺憾；* regretful a. 遺憾的

to be relied = reliable = * dependable可靠的

not to be replaced = irreplaceable不可取代的

to be retraced = retraceable可收回的

to be retracted = retractable可撤回 (取消) 的

not to be retrieved = irretrievable無法復原的

to be returned = returnable 可退還的 (recycle回收)

to be reused = reusable 可重複使用的；~ gloves 手套

to be respected = respectable 值得尊敬的

to be resolved = resolvable 可分解的，*irresolvable 不可分解的

to be separated = separable可分離的

to be solved = solvable 可以解決的；to be solved (dissolved) 易解決的，易溶的

= soluble，*insoluble不易溶的(不可解決)

to be surmounted = surmountable 可克服的

to be suffered = sufferable 可忍受的

to be sustained = sustainable 可維持的

to be taxed = taxable 應課稅的

to be tolerated = tolerable = endurable 可容忍的；*in~不可容忍的

to be transferred= transferable可讓度的

to be transmuted = transmutable可變形的

to be understood = understandable, 但*intelligible清楚的；* intelligent 明智的

to be verified = verifiable 可証實的

to be wounded or injured = vulnerable易受傷害的

*   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *   *

B. 以-ible結尾:

to be reached= accessible可靠近的；in~不可靠近的

to be admitted = admissible 可承認的; in ~不可承認的

to be easily affected  (in emotion) = susceptible感情脆弱的

*to be comprehended = comprehensible 可理解的(*comprehensive廣泛的)

not to be erased= indelible不可磨滅的

to be convertible = convertible a. 可兌換的；n. 敞篷車

to be deducted = deductible可扣除額的

to be divided = divisible可分割的；indivisible不可分割的

to be eaten  = edible可食的* in~ 不宜食用的

to be exhausted = exhaustible會用盡的，*in~用不盡的；exhaustive澈底的、使枯竭的

to be heard = * audible 聽得見* in~ 聽不見

to be neglected = negligible細微的(指事)，易被疏忽的* negligent疏忽的 (指人)

not to be resisted = irresistible不可抗拒的，~ temptation誘惑

to be read = * legible 易讀的

to be reversed = reversible 可逆轉的；*irreversible不可逆轉的

to be touched = * tangible 可觸摸的，明確的* in~ 觸摸不到的

to be seen = * visible 看得見，in~ 看不見* indiscernible 無法辨識的

to be sensed = sensible明智的，但sensitive敏感的

to be suggested = suggestible 可暗示的

to be transmitted = transmissible 可傳染的

 

07/14/2014

 Justin Lai 編