2013年5月26日 星期日

『than與 then之辨別』(6)


英語漫談系列 (6)

than then之辨別』

than then對初學英文者常會混淆;即使受過教育者;亦甚至常寫白字:

than 是連接詞,多半用於比較then 通常做副詞用,see you ~。兹簡單說明如下

than:
A.    than連接詞 (…)通常接在比較級形容詞或副詞之後:
      He is lazier than his brothers. 他比弟弟們懶惰。

Something is better ~ nothing.聊勝於無(怨無不怨少- 台語諺語-沒有魚,蝦也好)

Prevention is better than cure.預防勝於治療。也有人說:

Prevention is the best medicine.預防是最隹藥方

Better late ~never. 晚到總比不到好。

As the peninsula has such a long coast line, the climate is milder than it would otherwise be. 要不是半島有如此長的海岸線,它的氣候就不會如此溫和。》than 作連接兩個子句用,因前有比較級形容詞milder

B.    但有些比較級並不一定加 than

l Fidel Castro is not a friend of Mexico, much less of the United States. 卡斯楚 (古巴
總統) 不是墨西哥的朋友,更非美國之友。(much less更不是….)

          *The property, less normal wear and tear, must be kept in good condition. 扣除正常耗損
     之外,地產應保持良好狀況。(本句less 後不可加than)

C. than 接在rather 之後

*Baby boomers opt torenew” rather than retire.戰後出生嬰兒潮人們選擇更新生活而
非退休。(rather than =but not= instead of)

The sweet things of the world have to be patiently waited for, and do not usually come otherwise than drop by drop. 世界上甜蜜的事物總要耐心等候;而且它們通常也只會慢慢一點一滴的來到。句中than=except除了(作介詞用)這是比較難得的用法,尤其與otherwise (=in a different way)連用。

then:
A.    She went towards me, and then handed me a note. 她走向我,然後交給我一張字條。

註:在一般口語中,很多人喜歡用and then.做為轉承語,或短暫停頓(pause) 以思考
銜接下一句,例如今天年輕朋友,每一句話後,就加一個「然後」。也有人两三句中
就加一句 “Oh, my God” (=OMG) 顯得誇大與無聊。Carolyn Kennedy (前美國
總統千金),跟人談話三句不離you know?但,未損其形像,雖未遞補上伊州參議員
寶座,卻也當上駐英大使(ambassador)

另外
B. then adv.

a. 在當時 = at that time 用於指過去或未來時間:
Jack was seriously hurt ~. 當時傑克傷重

She will show us the way out ~. 到時她會告訴我們如何出去。

* then-n. 當時擔任

The following year, then-Gov. Gray Davis dropped funding from the state budget. 次年,當時的州長 Gary Davis 從州政府的預算中取走經費 then-Gov. = governor then

b. and then然後 = besides 而且
I did not feel good, and ~, it wasn’t the right time. 當時我心情不好;尚且時機也不對。

c. now……then…..一會兒….另一會兒
Now he was crying; ~ he was laughing. 他又哭又笑。比較
Between tears and laughter.”啼笑皆非。(台語:七哭八笑)

 “Monks then, Tourists now. 當時是修道士住的地方,現在已改觀光旅館。

l Then main difference between then and now is that, in those days, there were very few organized activities. 當時與現在主要的區別,是在當時有組織的活動很少。(then & now作代用名詞)

d. now and ~ = sometimes = from time to time=off and on三不五時、偶爾 but then另一方面,
既然如此

e. (置於句首或句尾) 作語助詞=那麼
T~, that’s the best I can do. 那麼,我能做的就是如此
Take care, ~! 再見啦!

f. ~ and there = there and ~ 當場馬丘 = on the spot  

The innocent children fell on their knees ~ and there.  無辜的孩子們當場下跪。

Justin Lai in Seattle USA
2010 01 29


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