字詞研究 (2)

字詞研究 (2)

5) all ready /already:

1. all ready (複合形容詞) = entirely ready = prepared= all set完全準備好

Dinner is all ready. (= set)晚餐已準備好。

2. already (adv.)用在肯定句子「已經」

Enough troops were ~ sent to reinforce the front.足夠軍隊已派遣去增援前線。
I can’t believe that you’ve already finished that assignment. 我無法相信你已完成那件指定的
工作。

6) alumnus/ alumni /alumna:

1.alumnus  男校友，其複數形為 alumni [ D'lKmna0 ] (男、女)

Every high school should keep track of its alumni 每一所高中應對其校友保持追蹤連繫。
Alumni can help build a bond that transcends generations.校友會能建立一種跨越好幾世代的關係。

2. alumna 女校友， 其複數形為 alumnae 但，男女合校校友之總稱，亦可用

alumni；*Alma Mater 母校；有些美國人喜歡在汽車後面玻璃上貼上一些名校校友的貼紙，

如 “Alumni of Harvard” (哈佛校友) ，當然若非名校就不必了。

7) altar / alter (amend/ rectify):

1. altar n “祭壇”與 alter v. “改變；修改” 屬同音異義字。

Paul finally led Lisa to the altar. = Finally Paul brought Lisa to the aisle.= Paul was married to Lisa.= Paul brought Lisa to say “I do.” Paul 終於和Lisa步到教堂中之祭壇 —即結婚。

2. alter = change

The plan has to be altered.計劃不得不加以更改。 

l The sheriff department ~s vehicle shooting policy. 警長部門更改射擊行駛中車輛的

政策。

At the last minute he altered his mind and let his son go abroad. 最後一刻他改變主意，讓他兒子

出國。

*Erosion is a geological force that over time, ~s the physical appearance of a surface. 腐蝕是經年

累月之後，改變了物體外表的地質力量。

 *alter 之名詞為 alteration；在美國有些洗衣店 (cleaner’s) 有附設修改衣服者在櫥窗上寫著

“Alteration”

《Alterations are not only caused by flaws and decay but affected by the will as well, and by the

will’s temporal vulnerabilities. 》

改變不僅由缺陷與腐敗所引起，且受意志和其暫時性的脆弱所影響。

【比較】：

l 投幣式洗衣店仍用coin-op laundry; (laundry operated by coins)

l launder  v. 洗濯 “money laundering “ (洗錢- 犯罪手法之一)

由alter聯想到字義接近的相關用字，下列為含有『改變』之義的動詞：

a. mend v. 更正、改過

《It is never too late to mend. 》過則勿憚改。

b. amend  v. n.改變；或特指 “議案, 法律或制度” 之修正

amendment (n.) 修正案，如 the Fifth ~ 第五憲法修正案

*c.  shift v. n. 移轉replace; transfer; move from…to…；改變change

What do you think of the power ~ of the US government? 對於美國此次的政權移轉你看法如何？

*d. rectify vt. = correct 改正

The public schools should place a much higher priority on ~ ing those last three categories. 公立

學校應把改正最後那三個範圍列為更優先。

8) alley/ ally/ alloy/ array: 此四字發音接近但字義不同：

a. ally [ D'la0 ] n與 alley [‘$l0 ] n.前者「聯盟；盟軍」

後者 「巷弄；小胡同」；alley比 lane “巷子/胡同”小。

At the end of the alley live the Whites.懷特家人住在本巷尾。

lane (車道；道)

“Right ~ must turn right.” –(路旁的警示) 右線車必須右轉。change ~s更換車道

*alliance n.結盟；business strategic ~ (生意上)策略聯盟

【比較】：

b. alloy [ D'lC0 ] n. (金屬合金)

c.array n. [ D're ] v. n.列陣；排列；an ~ of umbrellas (一排雨傘)

The Spree River is home to an array of seminal art museums of Germany.德國的史普利河是孕育一列，德國最富創造性的藝術博物館之處。

seminal a. 起源的

9) advise/ advice (devise/device):

advise v.；advice n. 均作 “忠告” 解：

a. ~ V. + 人 + to +V:

My accountant advised me to file my income tax forms in time. Unfortunately, I did not follow

that advice.我的會計師勸我準時申報所得稅表。不幸我未遵照他的勸告。

b. ~ Vt. + 人 + against + Ving: 勸阻

The aid-de-camp ~ d the general against retreating at this moment. 副官勸阻將軍在此刻勿撤退。

c. 人+ advise + that + 子句 (S. +原形動詞):

The doctor ~s that he (should) take medication every day.

=The doctor ~ him to take medication every day. 醫生建議他每天服藥。

* advise vt. 告知

*It is kindly ~d that the expense is subject to change without notice. 『敬啟者：費用隨時可調整

而不事先通知』。

Please be ~ that we will pay cash on delivery. (敬啟：我們收到貨物就付款。(COD)

* Finance experts ~ parents to start saving for their children’s college tuition right after birth. 財務

專家建議父母們在孩子一出生之後，就立刻開始為孩子以後的學費而儲蓄。

*national security advisor n. 國家安全顧問

2. advice (不可數名詞)：a piece of ~ (一則忠告)；to follow ~ 遵照….** advices n. 商業消息

【比較】：

devise v. 設計；發明；device n. 裝置、工具、話機 (iPhone或telephone.  Only 10 devices were

allowed for family-shared plan. 家庭共用計劃僅限10支話機。

但，practice v. n.練習/習慣

She ~ s playing the piano every morning. 她每天上午練習彈綱琴。

She makes it a practice to jog in the early morning. 她養成清晨慢跑的習慣。

【注意】：並非所有-ise字根的動詞，其名詞皆為-ce：

realise明白(realize-美語)- realisation(realization)；civilise文明(civilize-美語)

civilisation (civilization)；recognise 承認 (recognize美語)–recognition

 

Justin Lai 06/02/2013

 stupid-u2@hotmail.com