英語漫談系列(12)
『已婚、未婚、離婚、寡居、分居』應如何正確表達?
我們常聽人說:「某人與某人結婚」,如Tom 和Mary結婚,可否譯為:Tom
married with Mary. 或Tom
and Marry married. 或Tom
was married with Mary.? 以上譯句均非正確。因marry vt是及物動詞,和(與/同/跟) 什麼人不可用with…。正確譯文應是:Tom
and Mary were(got) married.
Tom(Mary) was married to Mary(Tom). 所以習慣上問人「他跟某人結婚? 」,應說:“To
whom was he married?白話英文也有人說
“Who was he
married to?”或簡略地問 “Who
to?”「跟誰? 」
“Are you
married?” 『您結婚了沒? 』對不太熟的朋友問這句話是太禮貌的,尤其僅憑
外貌很難看出外國人的實際年齢。而且也太personal(涉及隱私)。婉轉又正式的問法
是 “What is your marital status?”(請問您的婚姻狀況如何?)
(正式用語)未婚(男單身漢俗話叫 bachelor;女子叫single girl,男女統稱single
person. I am single. 我未婚)
同樣不可說:I divorced with him(her). 應說:He (She) divorced her(him).因divorce 也是vt(及物
動詞) 。Tom and Mary have been
divorced是正確的。divorce另作n. 故也可以說:Tom(Marry)
got a divorce from
Marry(Tom) 。
separated(dissolution)分居
spouse
deceased喪偶(即widower 或widow,男女一方也可以叫surviving spouse未亡人通常
指女性。survive
v. 存活,surviving尚存的) 。(decease v. 死亡,thedeceased亡者) 以上都是正
式用法。
widow n.寡婦 = a woman who remains unmarried after her husband’sdeath;a widowed woman
widower n.鰥夫 = a man who
remains unmarried after his wife’s death.。
*老而未婚小姐俗謂spinster (=maiden
aunt-台語稱老姑婆。maiden name女子婚前的名字,未冠
夫姓)
【注意】:married與marital皆由marry v轉成,前者指已婚的(人們) ;後者指婚姻狀態。
marriageable a. 適合結婚的,~age適婚年齡。status
n.源自拉丁文= standing, position, rank表示
身分地位或現狀,例:the ~ of a minor未成年人的身分;~ quo = existing state of affairs(事情
之現狀) ;~symbol高社會地位之象徵。
《When a new
professor in Stanford’s economics department criticized railroad monopolies, the
Founder’s widow said the fellow with the rabid ideas had
to go.》 He
went.〕
這位具狂暴想法的傢伙須捲鋪蓋走路。他真被炒了魷魚(被解僱)。
『註』︰
monopolies /monopoly n.壟斷;criticize v. 批評 rabid a. = fanatical,violent瘋狂的。
He went.=
He was fired.(discharged) …with the rebid…= who had….
【史坦福(Stanford University)大學創辦人原為美國西部鐵路企業家,發跡後,據傳拿了一
大筆錢去哈佛大學想加入辦學行列,卻被告知他的錢僅夠蓋一個學院(college) 之一幢建築
物,他一氣之下把錢抱回加州,在今天加州Silicon Valley (矽谷) 附近創立有所謂「美國西部
哈佛」之稱的史坦福大學, with its unique location
of immediate vicinity to SiliconValley(具
最靠近矽谷獨待的地理位置)。But which emerged first? Stanford or Silicon
Valley? (但矽谷
先出現/成名?還是史坦福呢?) 】
Justin
Lai, 06/07/2013
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