字詞研究 (1)
Vocabulary (單語或單字) 是學習英文的三大要素之一，由單字而加一個字以上成為片語(phrase) ，再加完整意思與正確文法，就成為句子(sentence) 。任何語文之學習入門就是單字。有些人常抱怨字彙易記，記了以後也常忘記。我們現在提供一種方法，可以幫你解決這個問題：
1.
請依母音分音節來唸 (如果是多音節字)
2.
請先記字首(prefix) 與字根(suffix) 之意義，再做比較與辦別
3.
不必强記死背，請理解字彙在句子之地位，並記住它在句中前後的連貫關係
第一章：辦別同音異義 (Homonyms)
或發音、拚音接近字：
1)
adapt / adopt/ adept：此三字發音接近，意義毫無關聯；前二字為動詞，最後一字為形容詞：
1. adapt
vt.
a. (使適應於)… 常見用法為人 (或其他動物) + ~ to + 名詞/人~ + be ~ ed / =~ oneself +to + 名詞
；也可以用主動語態表示： ~
to + n. / ~ + ~ (oneself) to + 名詞
*To survive, an animal must ~ to
its environment. 動物必須習慣於生活環境才能存活。
*He quickly ~ ed (himself) to his
new job. 他很快適應新的工作。
*They
change their advertising behavior to ~ to local laws. 他們改變廣告行為來適應當地法規。比較：
b. adjust
vt. 調整；
調適 ~ oneself +to + n.
They ~ ed the
temperature control, resulting in damage to the thermostat.他們調整溫度控制，而
導致損害温度調節器。
*adjustable rate浮動利率 (用於房地產的貸款)
c.be adapted for + 人：為…. 而改編： adaptation n. 改編
Some novels
written in the 18th century have been ~ ed for young
readers.一些十八世紀寫的小說，已經為年輕讀者而改編。
The movie was
~ ed from a novel by Earnest Hemingway. 這部電影改編自海明威的小說。
2. adopt vt. 作「採用” 或「收養」解。
They ~ ed
their physician’s suggestion and ~ ed a baby. 他們採納醫生的建議收養了一位嬰兒。~ ed children 被收養的子女；*adoptive a.有收養關係的。adoption n.
My adoptive old man, Charles Martin Jones,
was born in Spokane, Washington.收養我的老爸，
Charles Martin Jones生於華盛頓州的 Spokane市.
*adopt 亦可指“認養、負責管理”道路、橋樑、公園、或其他公共工程等。
3. be adept in + n. (ving) 擅長：
She is ~
in pastry cooking. 她擅長麵食。其他表示技能或職業的專長，類似片語另有：
be~ in + n.= specialize
in.. = be skilled in….= be good at…..但be versed in 指學問:
She us versed in English poetry. 她擅英詩。
2) adjoin / adjourn:
1. adjoin v.= be next to 緊鄰/比鄰；= be in
contact接觸到：Canada ~s the
United States.
加拿大緊鄰美國。
2.adjourn v. suspend a meeting延期或暫時休會
a. The judge ~
ed the court until the following day. 法官將庭訊延至次日。
b. As the meeting has been lasting for
three hours, the chairman moved that the meeting be ~ed. 因會議開了三個鐘頭，主席提議休會。(move動議)
c. Daily
sessions begin and ~ early
to allow registrants ample leisure during the afternoons.
(allow +人+事= allow +事+for +人, 容許… 有…)
每日的課早上早結束，好讓參加者每天下午有多的休息時間。
adjournment n. 休會
3) affect /effect：
1. affect ：v. 影響 (= influence=
to have influence or effect on.)
a. It is yet to be proven that
moonlight ~ s the growth of plants. 月光影響植物的生長仍有待
證明。
b. Because
our town was not ~ed by the flood, we could offer refuge to
several families. 因為我們
城鎮未受水災影，故我們可以提供避難處給若干家庭。
c. Drinking
alcohol ~s your Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC).飲酒影響血液酒精濃度。
* affected area 患部(醫學)
2.
effect v. 導致；促成 = bring about
a. A number
of improvements were ~ ed by the new student council. 新成立的學生輔導會促成
了許多改善。
b. ~ (n.) 影響 (= result)；效果
The ~ s of
the flood were less serious than we had thought. 水災的影響不如我們原先預料的嚴重。
c. Recently,
we received an e-mail from him, to the
~that his wife was very ill. 最近我們接到他
的e-mail大意是說他太太病重。(= stating= saying 提及)
l the side- ~ of medicine 藥品的副作用；ripple ~ 逐漸擴大的效應
l * the best sound~ (editing) in Oscar Award 奧斯卡金像獎中的最佳音響效果
與effect 連用的介系詞慣用語：
a.
in effect = in fact= in reality= as a matter of fact 事實上
b.
to no effect= in vain 無效地 They tried to rescue her but to no ~.他們沒有救得成她。
c.
come to effect 生效：When will the new traffic regulation come into ~?這頂交通規則何時生效?
其他-fect 結尾的字: defect v. 變節 n. 缺點= drawback=shortcoming；perfect a. 完美的. Nothing is ~. 沒有十全十美。Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。perfect v. 使...完美: They tried everything possible to ~ the plan. 他們盡一切可能使計劃完美。
4) all together / altogether
1. all together (adv. 片語) 一起地 (= in a
group)：We work and play ~. 我們一起工作、
遊戲。
﹝We bought tickets ~ ~because
no one wanted to be responsible for choosing the seats.﹞因為沒人
要負責選座位，所以我們戲票全部買在一起。
2. altogether (adv.) 多半修飾形容詞或另一副詞：
a. 完全地 (= completely;
thoroughly) This is not ~ the case. 情形並不完全如此。
You were altogether
wrong in blaming her for the delay. 為了延誤而責備她，你是完全錯誤。
b. 總而言之; (= in
a word= in short):
~, this is a
satisfactory response. 總之，這是令人滿意的答覆。(待續)
Justin Lai,
06/01/2013
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