台灣俗語的智慧(2)
有些俗語常借用動物作比喻,這些動物大體上分兩類,一類是代表十二生肖的動物,另一是其他動物。在十二生肖的動物中,因體型大小、習性等不同而有不一樣的比喻。有些是單一種動物,另有些則兩種動物的對比(contrast) 。現在就從第一到第十二種動物,逐一列舉:
1)
老鼠
A. 報老鼠仔寃
台語「寃」與「彎」同音,老鼠仔因體型小故行走的彎路不太,即小彎(寃) 也。也有用田螺比喻,『報田螺仔寃』。
意譯:taking a small revenge on someone;台語的報寃,如『有寃報寃,有仇報仇』,英語乃get even with
someone或retaliate.(報復)
B.
虎頭老鼠尾
直譯:with tigers’head and mouse’tail
意譯:有始無終;有頭無尾。
With magnificent beginning, but negligible or
no ending at all. (magnificent壯觀的,negligible微不足道)* 但西方說 “Well begun is half done.” 好的開始是成功的一半。
【比較】:漢語『虎頭蛇尾』,顯然台灣人較誇張,因鼠尾比蛇尾小太多。
C.
猴頭老鼠耳:
直譯:with monkey’s head and mouse ‘ears
意譯:ugly looks,即『其貌不揚』,或五官不正。
2) 牛 (指水牛-cow或buffalo)
A. 作牛作馬:
直譯: serving as cows and
horses
意譯:working laboriously like cows and horses 如牛馬般地努力工作
B. 山高水牛大:
在農業社會山高,水牛是大的動物,用以比喻事情之『壯大』-但有負面意義。
意譯:asking for an unreasonable price /charge漫天要(索)價,條件或門檻太高,有無法接受的無奈。
C.
一隻牛起双領皮 (剝兩層皮/双重需索-有exploit剝削之意)
直譯:double
scalping of a cow (scalp v. 剝皮;出售黄牛票者謂之ticket-scalper)
意譯:double
charging or exploiting someone
D. 牛頭馬面:
直譯:with cow’s head
and horse'face意譯:people looking unfriendly, not decent or even hostile(敵視的) 。台語也用『青面獠
牙』來形容
E. 牛無牽過溪嘸放尿:
直譯:A cow will not
urinate until she is led wading through a creek.
意譯:a person as
stubborn as a mule (=very stubborn很倔强,堅持己見) 注意:英語用
mule騾子
mule騾子
F. 若是牛,牽到北京嘛是牛:
『喻人笨或做事缺少彈性永遠不變』
直譯:If it is a cow,
it still is one, even brought to Beijing.
意譯:If someone is
stupid or inflexible, he is still so wherever he is.
【比較】:Once a bum, always a bum. 一但是壞人,就永遠是壞人。(本性難改)
3) 虎:
A. 死虎作活虎打:(死馬打活馬醫)
直譯:Even if the tiger
under hunting is dead, we treat it as a live one. (we keep on with our patience
and effort.)
意譯:Never be too ready
to give up one’s attempt
B. 笑面虎:
意譯:a cunning (or crooked) guy with a smiling face. 表面裝笑容但陰謀傷害他人的人
C. 打虎掠賊也要親兄弟:
直譯:To fight a tiger
or catch a thief, one needs collaboration of his own brothers.
意譯:『血濃於水』- “Blood is thicker
than water.” Only with the help of brothers
can
one fight against an enemy or succeed in any venture. 只有靠親兄弟之協助,方可
抵禦外侮或成就大事
D. 虎鼻獅:
直譯:a
lion with tiger’s nose
意譯:a person with a very keen sense of smelling
especially about delicious food recently cooked嗅覺特別靈敏的人,尤其對則剛煮熱的美食
E. 虎落平陽 (洋) 被犬欺
直譯:Driven from the
mountain to the plain, a tiger is bullied by a hound of dogs. (從山上
被趕下平原,老虎被一群狗欺侮)
被趕下平原,老虎被一群狗欺侮)
意譯:In an unfavorable situation, the
stronger party is sometimes bullied by the much
weaker one. (在不利的情勢下,較強的一方會被較弱的一方欺侮) 。bully v. 霸凌
weaker one. (在不利的情勢下,較強的一方會被較弱的一方欺侮) 。bully v. 霸凌
Please brush up on your Taiwanese! 朋友,請嘸通袜記好聽的台灣話哦!
Justin
Lai, 06/15/2013
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