文法淺釋- (90)

文法淺釋- (90)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

助動詞

13)  Eddie would rather stay at home than go shopping. (Eddie 寧願待在家也不願去購物。)

1.   S. + would rather + V… than + V  寧願…不願做….,

= S. + would + V..  rather than + V 

= S+ would prefer to +V…rather than + V

 He would prefer to be served now rather than wait any longer. 他寧可立刻接受服務，

而不願再等下去。

Rather than open communities to lawsuits and spark discord nationwide, we would do

better to focus on teaching about religion generally across the curriculum. 

我們寧願改善在學校課程中普遍教授宗教，不願使社區遭受官司打擊與燃全國的不和諧。

(*本句把rather than+ V置於句首含加重語氣之意)

 2. S. +would rather+ (that) + S. + V. (past tense) (但願)

= S. + wish + that + 子句 (含與事實相反之意)

We would rather he were still alive. 但願他仍活著. (He is dead.)

 3. S. + would sooner + V. than + V.   同說明 1 

 She would sooner resign than be engaged in such a business. 她寧願辭職也不願

從事此事。

14)  It need hardly be said that time is money. (時者金也，自不待言。)                                             

 1. need 之用法與前述 dare 之用法同；即， ~ 作主要動詞時，可加 to + V

 第三人稱單數動詞後須加 s：

  He needs to go at once.  他須立刻去。 She ~ s tender care.  她須細心照料。    

 2. 但若用在否定句或問句時則視同助動詞，第三人稱單數動詞不加s                 

 It need not be done.  它不必做。

Must (Need) he go now?  Yes, he must. (I’m afraid so.)  No, he needn’t (go).

 他須現在走嗎？ 是，須要。(恐怕如此) 不，不必。

3  ~ not + V / ~ never + V / ~ hardly + V (不須要；從須要；幾乎不須要)

為常見否定句型：                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   There need be no hurry, need there?  不必急, 不是嗎?  〔 ** 注：請參考 24 題〕

15) A: I watered the flowers just now.  You needn’t have done it. (but you did it.)

(A: 我剛才澆了花。 B: 你不須要這麼做； 但已做了。)

表示過去之 “不必做..” 有兩種方式：    

                                                                                                  

A.  過去不必做，也未做， 用： S. + didn’t need (have) to + V :

They didn’t need (have) to report to the police 他們不必向警方報案。

(未報案)= It was unnecessary for them to report to the police.

B.過去不必做，但卻做了，用： S. + needn’t have + P.P. ：

They needn’t have reported to the police. (Unfortunately, they did).

他們本不須向警方報案---不幸卻報了。

Justin Lai 編

12/23/2014