2014年6月2日 星期一

文法淺釋系列 (78)

文法淺釋系列 (78)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

五、時態 (Tense  & Aspect)

12)一段時間+ ago, 應與過去式連用,如

The accident happened three weeks ago.  三年前發生此意外。
前面加了 since 則須用現在完成式 現在完成進行式;此處 since
介詞用 *Comp

a. He has been laid up with a cold ~ he returned.  (since 作連接詞)回來後他
一直感冒。
His business has been expanding since two years ago. (從二年前以來,他的事業一直擴展著)

b. We have not heard from him ever~. (since 作副詞) 我們一直未接到他的音訊。                                
*c. Tragically, 17 have died in the process ever ~   (since 作副詞) 悲慘地,迄今有17位在過程中喪生。

For a moment, you think you have died and (have) gone to heaven. 短暫地,
你以為已經死了並且上了天堂。

die 在正式英語中,不用現在完成式; 一般可用 have been dead, 但,
今天美語有逐漸流行這種用法, 或許因外來移民帶來多元文化- (diversity)
之影響吧。〕      

13) They learned that the Revolution broke out in France in 1789.
(他們知道法國大革命發生於1789)

Revolution 發生的時間雖比 learned 早,但它是一件歷史事實,,故用過去式* Comp. 
They learned that something had happened to her two weeks before.
他們知道早在兩周前她出事了。

14)  as yet (迄今) 通常與否定現在完成式連用, so far 則用在肯定句
如:

Things have been going well with him so far.   到目前他的事一直進行
順利

As yet we have not found sufficient evidence against her. (迄今我們尚未發現對她不利足夠的證據)

So far, so good = So far (everything has been) so good.  迄今一切很好。
( 參閱副詞部份15)

06/02/2014

Justin Lai



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