文法淺釋系列 (77)

文法淺釋系列 (77)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

五、時態 (Tense  & Aspect)：

9) 表示過去兩動作連續發生時，先發生的通常用had+P.P.，慢發生的則用簡單

過去式， 以表示先後順序；  其句型為 ：  

  

1.       S. (主詞) + had hardly (scarcely) + P.P. when (before) + S. + 過去式動詞 

A typhoon had hardly left when another came. ( 一個颱風剛走，另一個接著來)。

                            

2. S. (主詞) +had no sooner + P.P. …………than + S. + 過去式動詞                    

Tim had scarcely recovered from a stroke before he had another. Tim 剛被治好

一個中風，緊接又再度中風。

若把 adv. hardly (scarcely) 置於句首，則須倒裝主詞和動詞，以加強語氣：

Scarcely (Hardly) had we stepped into the room when (before) we found the key.我們一進了房里就找到鑰匙。

No sooner had he seen the police than he took his heels.他一看到員警就逃跑。Comp. ….  As soon as…(一等到…..就…)

a.     As soon as I get the message, I will let you know.  我一接到訊息就會通知你。

b. You can leave the classroom as soon as you have finished your homework.

一做完家課，你可以離開教室。

c. As soon as he walked in, he was arrested.   他一走進來就立刻被逮捕。

 ** a.句中 get = will get ；b.句 have finished = will have finished  c.句兩動作

同時發生

10)  未來完成式 (future perfect ) will have + P.P.或未來完成進行式 will have + been + Ving表示到未來某時間為止某種經驗之累積：

If he shows up tomorrow, he will have attended all classes.

 (倘若他明天來上課的話，他就全勤了)。

      

本句 shows = will show；另例：

By the end of this month the war will have been going on for three months.  

到本月底戰爭將已進行了三個月。

   

11) from A (時間) to B (時間)是指已經過去某段的時間，則僅可用過去式：

From 1950 to 1970 a series of cold wars occurred between USA

and Russia. (自1950 迄1970 美蘇間發生了一連串冷戰)。

05/26/2014

Justin Lai編