文法淺釋系列 (36)

文法淺釋系列 (36)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

二. 形容詞 ( Adjective)- 形容名詞或代名詞

6) 兩種不同過去分詞的分別：

Since he came back, he has been stricken with SARS, a strange disease. (自從回來後，他就染上一種怪病叫SARS-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome嚴重急性呼吸症候群。) stricken 由strike 演變而來

strike (vi, vt) 打擊  struck  struck 或stricken

1作 P.P. 之struck 多半指可「看得見」的打擊：

 例 ：The roof was ~ by thunder. 屋頂被雷電打到。但，亦可作『看不見』的打擊：

 He was struck (或stricken) blind after a fever. 退燒後他 突然變瞎了。

 *Note: be struck deaf (dumb) 突然變聾 (啞)

【比較】：strike 之現在分詞-striking (= impressive, attractive令人印象深刻的；吸引人的) 作形容詞用：

a. There is a very ~ difference between the two. 兩者間之不同令人印象深刻。

b.The efficacy of art is particularly ~.藝術的效能特別吸引人。

2. 抽象名詞 -stricken = very + Adjective：

It is a poverty-stricken (=very poor) family. 它是一個赤貧的家庭。

He was a terror-stricken (= very frightened) child. 他是位十分驚嚇的小孩。

grief-stricken= very sad十分悲傷。但，亦可作『看不見』的打擊：

The President is to visit the stricken region tomorrow.    明天總統預訂去巡視災區。

3. be stricken with + 病名 = be laid up with…(罹患….之病)

At the age of 40 she was stricken with lung cancer. 四十歲時她罹患肺癌。(= ill with..)

4.  分別下列同一動詞之不同Past Participle ( 過去分詞):   

a. drink  飲 drank  drunk / drunken

b. sink 沉沒 sank  sunk / sunken 

    

c. melt 溶化 melted  melted / molten

d. shave 刮臉   shaved  shaved / shaven

** 比較

a.     He is drunk = He gets drunk. 他醉了。

He has drunk a lot of liquor  他飲 了很多烈酒。

   He is a drunken fellow (醉漢) =He is a drunkard.

   He was killed in a drunk (drunken) driving accident. 

他在一次酒後駕車意外中喪生。 a drunk driver(酒後駕車者)

b. The ship is sunk. 船隻沉沒了。

They have sunk many enemies’ ships. 他們擊沉了許多敵艦 。

They are searching for the sunken ship- the Titanic. 他們正找尋這艘沉船-鐵達

尼號。

c. His heart melted. 他的心軟化。 a molten heart   已軟化的心 ； molten bronze 已鎔化的銅

*With a sudden anger in him that seemed as hot as molten steel, he yelled.

由於心中一把如鋼一般熱的突然怒火，他怒吼著。

d. The face is cleanly shaved; it is a cleanly shaven face. 刮乾淨的面孔。

7) He is one of the tallest players; he is taller than some other players.(他是最高大的選手之一； 他比某些其他選手高)。

1..one of the tallest…表示有別人和他一樣高，用..taller than any  other ..則表示他是最高的

2. 試比較下列二句：

a. Confucius is the greatest scholar in China. 孔子是中國最偉大

的學者。

= No other scholar is as great as Confucius.

=No other scholar is greater than Confucius in China.

= Confucius is greater than any other scholar in China.

a. Plato is one of the greatest scholars in Greece. 柏拉圖是希臘最偉大的學者之一。

= Some other scholars are (at least) as great as Plato in Greece.

  = He is greater than some other scholars in Greece.

Justin Lai 編著

10/01/2013

英語漫談

AACHW13