文法淺釋- (97)

文法淺釋- (97)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

八、動狀詞  (Verbal) (又稱變體動詞)

4)  Having finished her housework, the maid went home.  (做完工作後，女傭回家。)

1. finishing 之動作時間， 與 went 同時，則變成一邊完成一邊回家， 似乎不可能。

.Having + P.P. 表示此動作比後述 went 早發生

                        

Having finished her housework, …..= After she had finished her housework,…

(After 作連接詞) = After having finished her housework, ……(After 作介詞)

5)  Regulating this flow of goods is left to individual countries. (管制貨物的流出留給個別國家決定。)                                                  

regulate   vt.  regulating 作 Gerund (動名詞) 其受詞為 this flow of goods;若以

regulation作主詞， 則須用 the regulation of ;  regulating 既作動詞亦作 is 主詞，

故謂動名詞；其后接第三人稱單數動詞。

Note  ：一般Vt之動名詞應接受詞：

Driving cars at high speed is dangerous.開快車是危險。

a.﹝Covering the procedures would put pressure on premiums. ﹞

涵蓋醫療過程費用會提高保險費用 。(增加保費之壓力)  

b.〔Admitting weakness doesn’t come naturally to most CEOs.﹞

承認缺點或能力不足並非大部分行政主管的本性。

a.     (Being President is a lot like running a cemetery.  You’ve got a lot of people

under and nobody’s listening.)   (Bill Clinton)

當總統很像管理一座墓地。因為任憑你如何發號施令，下面就是沒人聽你。

(前美國總統克林頓)

比較：Rising oil prices make mealtime more expensive. 逐漸上漲的油價，使烹調時間更

昂貴(多花時間，多浪費能源) 注意：本句主詞為prices故接複數形動詞make。

6)  About 95 % of the battle is finding the person and figuring out who he is.

               (此項戰鬥之 95% 是要找出這個人並揣測出他的身份。)

1.本句主詞是95% of the battle , 雖然百分比是95,但真正主詞應為the battle故

其動詞應為單數。

*Note：

 以分數或百分比作主詞時， (不論其分子或百分比為單數或複數) 須以

其後  of + Noun之名詞之單複數來決定其動詞之單數或複數。

 例：

a. One third of the oranges were sold. 三分之一的橘子己售出。

b. 10 % of the area is infected with the respiratory disease. 本區百分之十受此

呼吸疾病感染.。

c.      85 % of Fortune 1000 companies with a handheld standard have selected the

 Palm OS.

財富雜誌選出的前一仟家使用掌心型標準電腦，有百分之85已選擇使用掌心

OS 型。

2. finding 與figuring 作主詞補述 (Subjective Complement) 與主詞 the battle

同位。

原句  = Finding the person and figuring out who he is about 95 % of the battle.                           

      = To find the person and to figure out who he is about 95% of the battle.

1.     本句若不改為 finding and figuring, 則 is 與find 兩個主要動詞並在一起是

錯誤的。**比較

What (all) you have to do is (to) wait. (你必須做的就是等候)；本句是因為is 後面

省略to ， to wait 是名詞片語亦作主詞補述用。

原句 = To wait is what (all) you have to do.  作主詞之不定詞to 不可省略

另 V-ing與to +V  雖均可作名詞片語用；但前者表曾做過的經驗，後者則不。

*Poker’s a day to learn and a lifetime to master. (撲克牌一天就可學會，卻需一輩子才能精通。) 

=It takes a day to learn poker, but takes a lifetime to master.

Justin Lai 編

02/17/2015