文法淺釋 (19)

文法淺釋系列 (19)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

二. 代名詞 ( Pronoun) :

17) what 

在代名詞中可以作疑問代名詞，如：What do you mean? (what 作mean之受詞) ；What is the difference between personality and character? (what 作is 之主詞)- 個性與品德有何不同? 以上均在獨立問句中之地位。若將上列句子改為間接問句，且作受詞用時，則what之地位須移到句中：

I know what you mean我明白你的意思。what you mean為一名詞子句作know之受詞。Tell me what the difference is between personality and character. what 引導名詞子句作tell 之受用詞。但若作主詞用，則可置於句首：

What you mean matters little to us. 你的意思對我們

(主   詞)      (動詞)

不重要。(matter v. = of importance有關緊要; matter much很重要)

What the difference is between personality and

      主                      詞

character is made clear to them. (向他們表明，個性與品德之不同)

另外 ，what 亦可以做複合關係代名詞用，其地位等於that (前述詞)+which (簡單關係代名詞) ：

What is done cannot be undone. = That (which is done) cannot be undone. (What is done已做過的事，是名詞子句作cannot be之主詞) 。第二句which is done作形容詞子句修飾that，that作全句之主詞。全句可譯為：『凡已做過的事無法收回成命-覆水難收』。若上句中的what用whatever代替，則其範圍更大，語氣也較强：

Whatever will be will be (會發生的事無法避免-船到橋頭自然直，未來不可預測-勿杞人憂天)。

whatever = all the things which = anything that是包含前述詞之複合關係代名詞。whatever will be 是一個名詞子句作後面will be 之主詞。

當然上句的whatever可用what 取代，則語氣較弱。

    

比較：what = that which          

No one believes what he says.  無人相信他說的話。=No one believes that which he says.               

No one believes whatever he says. 無人相信他, 不論他說什麼話。

*The plan is to make January a critical month in what the President’s aids hope 

will be a turning-point year. 

在總統助理們希望是轉捩點的一年中，這個計畫

是要把元月分變成一個重要的月分。(what………year名詞子句作in的受詞)

*Part of what makes a human being a human being is the imperfections.

一個人之所以成為一個人的局部，就是殘缺。

(what makes a human being是名詞子句，作of之受詞；makes a human

being a human being，第二個human being 作受詞補語用，修飾第一個

human being；imperfect a.不完美的，有缺陷的。Part是全句的主詞)

*Everyone has talent; what is rare is the courage to follow the talent to the dark place where it leads.  每個人都有天賦；難得的是，要有勇氣追隨天賦到它帶領你去的黑暗之處。即面對「懷才不遇」的困境。

『what is rare是名詞子句，作is the courage.. 的主詞，to follow the talent…. 為形容詞片語，修飾the courage；where it (=talent) leads 為形容詞子句，形容the place』

*What you carry with you says a lot about what you are. 從你所戴或隨身攜帶

的東西，可以看出你的人品。(衣着與衣飾反應出人品)

『What you carry with you是名詞子句，作says之主詞。由what所引導的名詞

子句作句子主詞時，其動詞應為單數。what you are. 也是名詞子句作介系詞-about 之受詞。注意：what you are 你的品行，who you are你是誰』

Justin Lai

07/30/2013

嘉中全聯誼會

AACHW13