文法淺釋系列 (14)
文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)
8) 加述：
1. 作vt 或介詞之受詞之代名詞，習慣上用反身代名詞 -self 或-selves,
如： She cut herself. 她割傷自己。Do
not blame yourself. 勿自責。Don’t hurt yourself. 別傷了自己。
Elaine prides herself on what she has accomplished. (
Elaine 以成就自豪)。
例外：
a. Please close
the door behind you. 請隨手關門 。
b. I didn’t
bring a towel with me.
我未隨身帶浴巾。
c. Do you have
(carry) a pen with you?
你隨身帶筆嗎？
2. 有些 vt + oneself +介詞 + noun (或 –ving) 構成慣用法，例：
avail ~ of + n. = make use of = take
advantage of 利用
enjoy + ~ / amuse~ 娛樂；pride
~ on + 人或事 =
take pride in +人或事 (對….感到自豪)
busy
~ (in) + v-ing (忙於) = be
busy (in) +v-ing = be occupied(
engaged) in +v-ing比較： be busy about + 事
devote ~ to + noun (v-ing) = be devoted to + noun (v-ing) 致力於；比較：
He is devoted to the cause of
peace 他致力和平之目標。=He ~es himself to the cause of
peace.
They devote themselves to saving
the planet from pollution 他們致力於解救地球不使其污染。但，
l 若無生命名詞+ be devoted to…作「討論」解…
*This book is ~ed to the evolution of
human species.本書專門討論人類之演化。
《A life devoted
to complexity is the life I want to live. 》
我要過的日子就是複雜的生活。
seat v. ~ = be seated 坐著【Please wait to be ~ed. 】 請等候接受安排座位。-一般餐廳的敬告語
dress v. ~ = be dressed 穿著 She dresses herself in white. 她穿白色衣服。
3. vt + Obj
+ for + oneself = vt +oneself + Obj. 例：
If you don’t like it, get (find) yourself a lawyer. (get /find a
lawyer for yourself.)若不服氣，就去告我好了。
9) 適當地詢問他人的職業：
一般人喜歡用 “what are you?” 是不正確的。因為它是質疑別入的品德。應說：What do you do? = What is your occupation or profession。 I am a
consultant. (我是顧問) What
does he do? He
is a dealer of brand-new cars. (他的職業是？他是新車代理商。) 直接月occupation或occupation是比較唐突的
比較：How do you do?
= How do you make a living (by profession)? (你好嗎?)
用於第一次見面時用。 How are you? = How are you doing? (你好嗎?) 用於已認識過的人們 = How are you getting along?
註：〔How’re
you doing? 比How’re you? 更為普遍的美語問候語〕
A man is measured not so much by what
he has (his wealth) as by wealth as by what he is
(his character.)一個人之人品，是以其品德而非財富來衡量。
【It doesn’t matter what
color your collar is; what matters is your devotion to your work. 】 (不論你是藍領或白領階級；重要的是你的敬業。) color 顏色；collar衣領。兩字讀音接近但不同。美國人用white-collar指白領階級；blue-collar藍領階級-即一般工人
10)
1.關係代名詞 (relative pronoun) 之格應依其在從屬子句中之地位而定。例：
God helps one who
helps oneself. 天助自助- 主格
The police will give a ticket (citation) to anyone whose
car is parked here. 任何人的車子停在此處
皆會被開罰單。-所有格
He whom God loves dies young. 英才早逝。-受格
2. 表示 “凡是” 有二種表達法：
a. anyone, he (who, whose, whom) + 子句 (單數)
Anyone who (whom) he meets is kind to
him. 他遇到的人皆善待他。
b. people, they, those (who, whose, whom) + 子句 (複數)
*若表無生物之事物，則用
anything which…/ those which…
People (Those) who respect
themselves are to be respected. 尊重自己者也會受人尊重。
Nine films out of ten seem to leave absolutely no impression
on the mind or
imagination of those who see them: few people
can give correct account of the film they saw the week before last.
十部電影有九部似乎決不會給觀眾們留下想像和印象：事實上沒有幾位能準確地說出他們上上周看過的電影情節。
註：事+ leave (make)
impression on +人 (給人留下印象) ；人+ give
account of +事：記述；the
week before上周；the week before last 上上周
Justin Lai, 07/09/2013
嘉中校友全聯會
AACHW13
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