文法淺釋系列 (13)
文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)
5) those + Subjective Complement
(主詞補語, 含V+ing,
p.p. 及形容詞)： (省略關係代名詞who, which+
be動詞) 例：
a. Those admitted to college consider themselves
lucky.(考上大學者自認是幸運的)。
those + admitted =
those who are admitted 准許入學者。另例：
Those
invested with
great power are just as vulnerable to the hob goblins of conviction and
consistency
as all the rest of
us.凡是大權在握者與我們其餘人一般，易受信念與固守不變的魔鬼怪所傷害。(invest v
資；=furnish 供應；握有，vulnerable a. 脆弱；goblin n.惡鬼；conviction n. 信念；consistency
n.一致)
b. those + coming =
those who come (or are coming) 來參加者
Those coming to attend the funeral service must wear black coats. 凡是參加葬禮者必須穿黑外套。
c. those + present =
those who are present 凡是出席者
Among
those present were
some African-Americans.出席者包括一些非洲裔美國人。(本句為倒裝句，主詞為African-Americans)
= Some
African-Americans were among those (who
were) present.
6) 不定代名詞如all, none, both…等與關係代名詞連用的用法：
I bought several
books; none of which did I begin to read.
(我買了幾本書，一本也沒開始讀。none of which = and
none of them。【注意】：and不可以與which並用
1.
少了連接詞，用 none of which置於句中，以which代替前述名詞，作連接詞用，並用倒裝句加強語氣.；若為肯定句則不必用倒裝句。
2. 類似用法如：
a. He has four
brothers with all of whom I am acquainted. = He has four brothers and I
know all of them他有四兄弟，他們我全熟悉。(第一句沒有第二句簡潔，第二句較正式)
但，He is the very boy
of whom we are proud. 他就是我們引以傲的男孩。of whom前面沒有不定代名詞也可以。
b. I came upon a
pile of books, some of which were written in Japanese. (=
and some of them)
我無意間找到一堆書，其中有些是用日文寫的。但，The problem about which we are concerned is of national interest. 我們所關心的事是全國所關注的
Note: 前述名詞是人時，用 whom, 是事物時，用which ,其公式如下：
Indefinite
pronoun (不定代名詞) + of + whom (which)
常用不定代名詞如 any ,some a few,
most, half, enough, none, either, both, neither, etc.
7) 反身代名詞 (reflexive pronoun)
之用法：
A. 作加强語氣用：
He himself knows what do. 他自己該知道怎麼辦。(加强主詞He)
They are trying to
talk to the Mayor himself. 他們試圖與市長本人談話。(加强受詞-the Mayor) 請看相關的用法：
I -myself/ you- yourself/ he-himself/
she-herself/ it-itself/ we-ourselves/ you-yourselves (你們)/ they-themselves
B. 反身作用：通常作及物動詞或介系詞之受詞
a. You should have
confidence in yourself.
對自己有信心
b. God help those who help
themselves. 天助自助
The fugitive
finally gave himself up to the police.
=The fugitive
finally turned himself in to the police. (逃犯終於向警方投降)。* fugitive
n.逃犯
1. give up (放棄= abandon),
~ oneself up to + 人= surrender to + 人
to turn in
= to turn oneself in to + 人 ( 向….自首)
比較：I did not see
you give way to any grief before. 我從未看到你屈服於傷心。(你一直很傷心)
但turn in 作不及物動詞片語= go to bed上床：
He works till late, and never turns
in until midnight. 他工作到很晚，直到深夜才就寢。
另外，turn in 亦可作呈遞(submit) 或歸還 (surrender)
His letter of resignation was turned
in last week. 他上周遞交辭呈。
Each person must turn in his
green card before he is granted citizenship. 每人須交回綠卡(Alien Resident) 才可取得公民權。
2. 但give
oneself up 和turn in 不可同時並用，以免意思重複
Justin Lai, 07/09/2013
嘉中校友全聯會
AACHW13
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