文法淺釋- (103)

文法淺釋- (103)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

八、動狀詞  (Verbal) (又稱變體動詞)

19) He didn’t come as he had planned to. (他未照原計劃來。)

1.  plan [ pl$n ] v. 計畫    planned (pt.)      planned (p.p.)

     plane [ plen ]   n. 飛機    plain [ plen ]   n. 平原

The rain in Spain mostly falls on the plain. 西班牙的雨多半降落在平原上。

    〔注：上句rain, Spain , plain 三字押韻〕

 2. plan to + V：不定詞片語作 plan之受詞；通常 to 後之動詞可省略，但 to 須保留。    

  

例： You may stay if you wish to (stay)  如你想留下來， 就留下來吧。

           Would you like to join us?  Yes, we’d love to (join)  你們想和我們一起? 是的，

我們很想。

3. be + Adj.+ to (V.)： Are you coming along? 你們一起來嗎?               

Yes, we’ll be glad to (come)  是的， 我們樂意。

20) Not having prepared well, he failed in his attempt again. (因未能充分準備，他的企圖再度失敗。)

   1. 本句二個動詞, prepare 應比 fail 早發生， 故應用 having + P.P.

      原句 = As he had not prepared well, he……

   ** 否定副詞須置於動狀詞之前，若分詞之動詞源自及物動詞，用於被動語態

須加been. 例：

Having been informed of the accident, he rushed to the hospital.

=Informed of the accident, he rushed to the hospital.

= After he had been informed of the accident, he rushed to the hospital.

獲悉意外消息後，他即衝向醫院 。

2. 否定adverb, (not , never, hardly…etc.) 應置於分詞構句 (Participial

Construction) 之前：

         

a. Not knowing what to do, he kept quiet. = As he did not know what to do,

he kept quiet. 因為不知怎辦，他保靜默。

b. Hardly recognizing her, he walked away. = Because he did not recognize

her, he walked away.  因幾乎不認得她， 他走開。

c. Never wishing to hurt others’ feelings, he keeps a lot of friends.

 = Since he does not wish to hurt others’ feelings, he keeps a lot of friends.

因為從不希望傷了別人的感情， 他交了許多朋友。

21)  He walked on tiptoe so as not to disturb the baby. (他躡走路，以免打擾嬰兒。)

1 …so as to + V  (為了..; 以便...) 表示肯定目的之不定詞片語 ：

= in order to + V;  否定為..so as not to +V. = in order not to + V….

2...so + adj. (adv.) + as to+ V (如此…以致於) 表示肯定結果之不定詞片語； 

否定為 so+ adj. (或adv.) as not to + V.     

                     

a.     He got up so early as to catch the first train. (肯定)他起得早以致趕上早班火車。

b. He was so cautious as not to repeat the same mistake.  (否定)

=He was too cautious to repeat the same mistake. 他太小心以致未重犯過失。

《The chains of habit are too small to be felt till they are too strong to be broken.》

   (習慣像鎖鏈，開始時太小以致感覺不到，直到後來變得太強而戒除不掉。)

04/24/2015

Justin Lai 編