文法淺釋- (102)

文法淺釋- (102)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

八、動狀詞  (Verbal) (又稱變體動詞)

16) Upon arriving (arrival) at the gym, he rushed to his favorite team.

(一抵達體育館，他就沖向他喜歡的球隊。)

upon (或 on) + Ving 或抽象名詞 (一等到…就…)  = as soon as= the moment

(minute, instant) + S. + V.

* ~ the expiration of the lease, the tenant must move out of the property or he

will be evicted.

 租約一到期， 房客就必須搬走， 否則會被強制搬離。

* Upon being called names, he got angry. 一被辱駡，他就發怒。

= The moment he was called names, he got angry.

17)  I must remember to see the stage show before it ends this weekend.

(舞臺劇在本週末結束前，我必須記得去看。)

          

動詞 + Ving 表示已做過某事，  Vt + to + V 表示未做；試比較下列：

I forgot calling (或 having called) her last night. 我忘了已打過電話。

I forgot to call her last night. 我忘了打電話 (未打) 。

He tried knocking at the door. 他試著敲門—已敲過。

He tried to knock at the door. 他試圖敲門—未敲。

The soldiers stopped shooting. 士兵停止射擊 。  

The soldiers stopped to shoot.  士兵開始射擊。

     但， The machine ceases functioning.  = The machine ceases to function.

機器停止功能。                            

 **〔 Stop being that couple who chooses reality TV over real life.〕

         不要作那對夫妻-他們寧選實際電視情節而不要現實生活。

                                                 

18)  I meant to have called on him last night. (but I was stopped by the rain).

(昨晚我本想去看他；但因雨而未成行。)

mean vt.  meant (pt)   meant (p.p.)

1. 事~ + N. (Ving)  意謂：     

a. What he says ~ s peace.  他意指和平。b. It ~s spoiling the children.  它意謂慣壞小孩。

2. 人+ ~ to + V：打算；欲  He means to help us. 他想説明我。

比較：be + meant to+V：

Newspaper headlines are meant to grab readers’ attention.  Other times, they leave us

scratching our heads. 本來報紙的頭條新聞是要吸引讀者的注意。但有時卻讓我們

如丈二金剛摸不著頭腦- (讓人霧煞煞)。請看下列頭條新聞：

《“Car, Hearse, Collide: One Dead in Crash.” 》小汽車與靈柩車相撞：撞車造成

一死。(誰死？靈柩車內早已有一死者?!)

比較：be + meant for + n.： 意欲 (intend) ；預定 (be determined; destined)

a. He was meant for the army. 他生下來就適合當軍人。

b.They are ~ for each other他們是天生一對 (絕配)。

3. 人+ meant + to + V ：(過去) 打算  ；(不一定做到)

We meant to drop in on her.   我們打算順途拜訪她。   (但,未必做到)

4.  meant to have + P.P. = had meant to + V   本來打算...結果卻未做到

故原句  = I had meant to call on him.

               

但, We had meant to drop in on her.  我們本來想拜訪她；卻未做到。

      =We meant to have dropped in on her.

* ﹝適用此句型表示過去的欲望動詞之動詞﹞另有： intended, wanted, hoped,

 attempted, desired,.. etc.]

**其他類似此等 (過去未完成之願望) 意義之句型尚有：

 i.  was (were) to have + P.P.：

 The Smiths were to have applied for subsidies from the government. Smith 夫婦本來

想申請政府補助—(後來因故作罷。)

Barbara was to have gone to Paris for advanced study.  Barbara 本來想去巴黎進修(未去)。

ii. should /would like to have +P.P.：                       

We would like very much to have contributed more for the victims. 本來我們很想捐

獻更多給受害人。—(結果沒有)

Justin Lai 編

04/17/2015