文法淺釋- (93)

文法淺釋- (93)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

助動詞

22)  I am bored to death, am I not?   (我煩死了，不是嗎?)

 I am ..之詰問句 用”ain’t I” 是比較不禮貌之用法，一般用am I not  ？.

Note： 在小說或口語中也常用 ain’t; 如： He ain’t (isn’t) as scared as I am. 他沒

有我那麼害怕。

23)  He consulted a stranger for direction or he might have got lost. (他請教了一位

陌生人路怎麼走，要不然就迷路了。)

1.may 之過去式雖為might,但might + V不一定指過去的動作。

例  You might ( = please) tell me what happened.  請告訴我發生的事 。

He might at least knock at the door. 起碼他應先敲門。

 = We are slightly displeased that he did not knock at the door. (對於他未先敲門，

我們感到有點不悅。)

2. might have + P.P. 可以表示兩義：

A. = may have +P.P. (或許做了某事；但比後語氣婉和)：

a. Mr. Jones may (might) have stated the fact. = Probably, he stated or did not state

the fact. Jones 先生有可能說過那個事實。

b. You might have visited Europe before, but never quite like this. 你也許去過歐洲，

但從未太喜歡它。

 c. When the “impossible” deed was accomplished, others saw that it might have been done long before. 當這件不可能的事情完成時，旁人明白很早前它就差一點被做到。

B. 表示與過去相反的事實， 含 “差一點就….其實未…”之意：

Bob might have been drowned had no one been close by

若無人在附近的話， Bob早就溺死了。----(其實未溺死)

24) Jeanette dare not tell her parents she was scolded by the teacher. 

(Jeanette 不敢告訴父母她受過老師責備。)

1. dare 作主要動詞時，須加 infinitive to + V： 

He dares to challenge the giant. 他敢挑戰這巨人。

 * He does not dare (to) go alone.  不敢單獨去。  

*  I dare him to cross the river alone 我挑激他獨自過河。  (dare 作 vt.)

2. 但若用在否定句和疑問句時 視同助動詞,故不加 to：

 She dare not talk to him in his face.  Dare she do that?

她不敢當面和他講說。         她敢嗎? 

3.  S. + dare never + V. (從未敢做..)；S. + dare hardly + V. (幾乎不敢…)

Children dare never talk loudly in the presence of strangers. 孩子們從來不敢在陌生

人面前大聲談話。

Lest she should be found, she dare never breathe. 惟恐被發現，她屏息。

4. 在 How dare + S. + V…? 句型中：

 How dare you (be so rude)? 你竟膽敢如此無禮?

How dare you!  你真是大膽包天!

5. I dare say that this is the best restaurant in town. (dare say = believe)

 我相信這家是城里最好的餐館。

Justin Lai編著

01/19/2015