文法淺釋- (92)

文法淺釋- (92)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

助動詞

19)  be+ going to + V…與will + V…意義之不同：

Someone is ringing the door bell; I’ll answer it. ( 有人在按鈴; 我就去開門。)

1. S. + be + going to + V 表示主詞”事先”已準備好要做某事

  = S. (某人) have prepared and be ready to + V. 而 will + V 表示”一時” 之決定  

例              

We’re going to meet with all obstacles foreseeable. 我們己準備面對可預測之阻礙。

2. * 避免用 be + going to go …或be going to come …..

a. They are going to go to school (誤)

They are going to school. (正) 他們正上學去。

b. She is going to come to see her aunt. (誤)          

 She is coming to see her aunt. (正) 她將去看她姑媽。

But, We are going to come to terms with them.  我們將與他們達成協議。(註：come to terms

with+人=與人協議

20)  附加問句 (tag question) 之用法：

We suppose that he has left the office, hasn’t he?  (我們以為他已離開辦公室，不是嗎?)

1.主要子句之主詞若為第一人稱 (I或we) 而其後接作受詞用之名詞子句時，

其詰問句應以此名詞子句之主詞，動詞作為主詞及動詞。

如 ：

 I am afraid that you made the mistake, didn’t you? 恐怕你做錯了，不是嗎?

We believe that she comes home twice a week, doesn’t she? 我們以為她一周回家兩次

，不是嗎?

2.主要子句之主詞若為第二、第三人稱時，則詰問句之主詞、動詞應為此主要

子句之主詞、動詞：

 例：  He thinks that I am stupid, doesn’t he? 他以為我笨，不是嗎?                        

      You believe that it is true, don’t you?  你相信是真的，不是嗎?

但，若重複對方所說的話時，則須以從屬子句之主詞動詞為主。

Bob: “Tom is terrified.” John: “You say he is terrified, isn’t he?”

Bob:「Tom 駭怕」John :「你說他駭怕，不是嗎?」

21)  附加問句：

I think he had his car repaired yesterday, didn’t he? (我以為他昨天已叫人修好車了，是嗎?)

注意：do 可以代替前述主要動詞；上句didn’t 代替hadn’t；另例：

He got here earlier than I did. 他到達比我早。

Coming as it did at a period of exceptional dullness, it attracted perhaps rather

more attention than it deserved.

由於牠在格外懶散的時期到來，倒吸引了或許比牠應得更多的注意。

have 在詰問句中之地位：

1. 在 現在或過去完成式： 

They have finished it, haven’t they? 他們做完了，不是嗎？

By last night they had heard it, hadn’t they? 到了昨晚他們已經聽到此事，對不？

2. 在 had better + V：   

You had better listen to reason, hadn’t you? 你最好訴諸理智，不是嗎?

3. 在 have to + V：                                

 He has to move now, doesn’t he? 他該走了，不是嗎?     

 You don’t have to go to America to learn English well, do you? 你不必去美國才能

學好英文，對不?  (*不可用haven’t to..)

You don’t have to go far to run away, do you? 為了逃避 (生活等不如意的事) 你不

一定要走很遠，對不? 

She doesn’t have to know banking to be an investor, does she? 要成為一位投資者她

不一定要懂得銀行業務。

4. have 作”擁有” 或”吃” 解：    

 They have two mansions, don’t ( 或 haven’t) they? 他們擁有兩座大廈，不是嗎?

We have three meals a day, don’t (haven’t) we? 我們一天吃三頓飯，不是嗎?

5. have 作”使役動詞”， 在 have + 受詞 + V 時：

He had me carry his baggage upstairs, didn’t he? 他要我把他的行李搬到樓上，

不是嗎?

She had her purse stolen on the bus, didn’t she?  她的錢包在公車上被偷，是嗎?

Justin Lai 編著

01/12/2015