文法淺釋- (91)

文法淺釋- (91)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

助動詞

16) You had better not repeat the same mistake or you will be fired.  (你最好不再犯相同的過失，不然會被解雇。)

1. S.+ had better + V, 乃說話者 (I 或we) 對主詞的 advice (忠告) 本句型

= It is advisable (最好) that + S. + (should) + V.  (此動作表示”尚未”做的事”)

2. had better 之否定應為 had better not + V (had better 視同助動詞，故接原形

動詞)

 比較

They had not been informed by then. 到那時他們尚未被通知。

 We have not received the message yet.

Note 用在問句或詰問句時：

Had they better leave it behind?  (* 不可用 Did they have better…..?)

他們最好遺忘它嗎

You had better move on your own, hadn’t you? 你最好獨自做，不是嗎?     

 (*不可用 didn’t you ..?)No, I’d better not.   不，我最好不這樣。

                                                                                                        

17)  The king ordered, “Those who defy my law shall be put to death.”

(國王下令說 “凡違抗我法律者會被處死刑。”)

 1. shall 用在第一人稱；I (we) shall + V …比 will + V 語氣強    

         

When retreating to Australia, General McArthur said to the press, “I shall return.”

 = “I am determined to return.” 

當從菲律賓撤退到澳洲時，麥帥曾向新聞界宣稱，”我一定反攻回去。”

*〔不久麥帥采越島戰術反攻登陸，緊隨美軍陸戰隊之後，他步上海灘，

臉帶信心， 以其著名的「註冊標」- 一付大墨鏡和咬著大煙斗， 一位戰地

記者將其拍攝下來， 後來此照片竟獲當年 (1945) 最佳普立茲  (Pulitzer) 新聞

獎; 名叫 “I shall return.”)。〕

 2. 用在詰問句及疑問句： 

a. “Let’s go, shall we?  “   說話者和聽話皆參與動作

 “Let us go, will you? “  僅說話者做動作

b. Shall I give you a hand?   = Do you want me to give you a hand? 須要我幫你嗎?

Yes, please do.  No, please don’t  是，請。不，請不必。

c. What shall we do? =What are we to do?  我們該怎麼辦 ?

3. 第二, 三人稱主詞, you, he, she, it, they  + shall + V  表示說話者 (I, we)

之意思：

i.. 表承諾   You ~ have my response by tomorrow 我允諾明天前給你回復。

     =I promise to give you my response by tomorrow.

ii.表威脅或命令：She ~ be severely punished if she disobeys me. 如違抗我，就

重懲她。

18)  She ought to be a native Spaniard for she speaks Spanish so well.

(她肯定是道地西班牙人，要不然西班牙語怎會講得這麼好。)

1. ought to + V = should  應該       

 Students ~ to get to school by 7:30.  學生須在7:30 到校。

2. ought to 亦可作”推測”解， 如：    

You ought to be (= should be /  must be) wrong 你一定搞錯了。

3. Note: ~ to 作助動詞用，用在詰問句時，to可省略。

He ought to get to the office by 8, oughtn’t he?  他應該在八點到辦 公室，不是嗎 ?

Justin Lai 編

01/05/2015