文法淺釋系列 (49)
文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)
二. 形容詞 ( Adjective)- 形容名詞或代名詞
39) most
作不同詞性的用法：
Most learned scholars are humble and modest. (大多數飽學之士都是謙卑的。)
1.most + 複數名詞 (大多數的)
= most of the +複數名詞
most people = most of the people 但，the most + 形容詞, (最….)
2. the most + adj/adv.= 最…
The
most learned scholar is puzzled at the origin of
the problem.
= Even the most learned scholar among them is
puzzled.
即使他們中最飽學的學者，都對問題的起源感困惑。
3. most of the +複數名詞= 大部分
4. most adv. (修飾動詞)
不加冠詞
Most of the work that most people have to do is
not interesting,
but
even such work has certain great advantages.
To begin with, it fills a good many hours of
the day without the need of deciding what
one
shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their
own choice, are at a loss to
think about anything
sufficiently pleasant to be worth
doing. And whatever they
decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something
else
would have been pleasanter.
(大多數人所必須做的大部分的事，多半是索然無味，但甚至這些工作也會有些很大的益處。首先，它可以讓我們打發掉一天的許多時間，而不需決定該做些甚麼。當多數人可以依自己選擇，自由決定去打發自己的時間時，會感困擾去想出足以令人喜歡做，又值得做的工作。還有，無論他們決定做甚麼，總會有一種煩惱的感覺- 別的工作或許比較令人感到舒服吧。)
註：第一行第一個most是部分代名詞，其后接的動詞依of 后之名詞-the work 而定，故其動詞為is
。most people 與第四行的most 同，均作形容詞用。第四行的what
= that which 作複合關係代名詞用。第七行的whatever = no matter what 屬表示退讓的adv. 連接詞。
2. learned a. 飽學的；此處作 “限制性” (attributive) 用。比較：
He learned [l"nd]
how to say no to a lady. (他學會拒絕一位女士。)
其他字尾含 –ed , 作限制性之其他形容詞，如 ：
the naked ~ England 赤裸的/ 真實的英國；a
wicked ~
official 邪惡的官員；the
noted [
'not0d ] ~ plaza 出名的商業廣場；
a
crooked ~
street 彎曲的街道；
a crooked villain 狡詐的惡棍
40) It is very kind of
you to say so. (你說這樣的話真是
太客氣了)。
原句等於 You are very kind to say so. kind 所修飾的字 是 you (人)
而非 it。因此在下列句型中皆用 of + 人：
It is + adj. (cruel; generous; smart; wise; stupid) + of + 人 + to + V
= 人 be
+ adj. + to + V.
It is stupid of her
to make such a comment.她表達這樣看法是愚蠢的。
= She is stupid to make
such a comment.
若形容詞修飾 “某件事” 則用 “for” ：
It is + Adj. (important; necessary; ridiculous 可笑的). + for + 人+ to+ V.
「參閱
(37) 題說明」
12/23/2013
Justin Lai 編
AACHW13
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