文法淺釋 (1)
《文法是學習英文三大要素之一,懂文法才能瞭解英語民族的表達與思維方式,進而
寫出正確、令人看懂的句子》。
第一章 文法(grammar)與句型(Stence patterns)
一、名詞 (Noun) 下列各題有劃線部分粗體字為主題部分:
本節1至8題討論冠詞(Article)與名詞之關係;一般而言冠詞分不定冠詞(a, an) ,與定冠詞(the)。名詞分可數(Countable)與不可數(Uncountable) 其前均可加冠詞,惟意義可能不同:
1) He has been an honest man from the cradle
to the grave. (他一生誠實)。
說明:
通常the+名詞表示限定用法,但the
cradle原意為搖籃,前面加了the , = “birth”出生;the grave 墳墓 =
“death”死亡,因為:
1. the +普通名詞,具有抽象 (比喻) 意義,因此有人說from
the cradle to the grave
= the whole life = all one’s life.畢生。
比較:
The pen is mightier than the
sword. 「筆比劍有力」-文勝於武。(注:the pen =文字-無形的力量;the sword = force 武力-有形的武器
比較:
*If your
grandfather could see what you’re doing now, he would turn (roll) over in his grave.
=Your grandfather
would be so angry with what
you’re doing that he wouldn’t be able to lie still in
his grave.
如果你過世的祖父看到你現在的作為,他會生氣得無法入土為安。
*turn over in
one’s grave (因十分生氣)死而不安。另外graveyard n. 墳場 = cemetery
n.
*Jones has given
the world breathtaking insights into the
birth of the universe, the
death of black holes, and the future of the human race.
Jones 給了世人驚心動魄的洞察力,看透了宇宙的誕生、黑洞的消逝與人類的未來。
*Nixon had risen
from the political grave. 尼克森從政治墳墓中復活了。(在政治生涯中另
有生機)
「the political grave指在政界被人遺忘,如同被埋在墳墓」
句中the death與the birth均為抽象意義,引伸為消失(前者) 與出現(後者)之義
比較:
2. the + adj. = 抽象名詞:the
good = goodness; the beautiful = beauty;the
true= truth真實
*The wise (people) save for the future, but the foolish (people) spend whatever he gets. 智者為
未來而儲蓄;愚者花盡一切所有。(待續)
Justin Lai,
0602/2013