文法淺釋系列 (78)
文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)
五、時態 (Tense & Aspect):
12)一段時間+ ago, 應與過去式連用,如 :
The accident happened three
weeks ago. 三年前發生此意外。
若 前面加了 since 則須用現在完成式 或現在完成進行式;此處
since 作
介詞用
*Comp:
a. He has been laid up
with a cold ~ he returned. (since
作連接詞)回來後他
一直感冒。
His business has been expanding since two years ago. (從二年前以來,他的事業一直擴展著)。
b. We have not heard from him ever~.
(since 作副詞) 我們一直未接到他的音訊。
*c. Tragically, 17 have died in the process ever
~ (since 作副詞) 悲慘地,迄今有17位在過程中喪生。
For a moment, you think you have died and (have) gone to heaven. 短暫地,
你以為已經死了並且上了天堂。
〔die 在正式英語中,不用現在完成式; 一般可用 have been dead, 但,
今天美語有逐漸流行這種用法, 或許因外來移民帶來多元文化- (diversity)
之影響吧。〕
13) They learned that the
Revolution broke out in
France in 1789.
(他們知道法國大革命發生於1789年)。
Revolution 發生的時間雖比 learned 早,但它是一件歷史事實,,故用過去式。* Comp.
They learned that something had happened to
her two weeks before.
他們知道早在兩周前她出事了。
14) as
yet (迄今) 通常與否定現在完成式連用, 但 so far 則用在肯定句
如:
Things have been going
well with him so far. 到目前他的事一直進行
順利
As yet
we have not
found sufficient evidence against her. (迄今我們尚未發現對她不利足夠的證據)。
So far, so good
= So far (everything has been) so good. 迄今一切很好。
( 參閱副詞部份15題)
06/02/2014
Justin Lai編
沒有留言:
張貼留言