文法淺釋系列 (67)

文法淺釋系列 (67)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

四、 副詞 (Adverb)：修飾：動詞、形容詞、另一副詞、

全句(前、後述)

37) short/ shortly之區別：

He stopped short in the middle of the bridge.

(他突然在橋中央停下來。)

short adv. 突然地 = suddenly = all of a sudden = all at once.

其他常見慣用片語：

(~ 作adj.) run ~ of缺乏；fall ~ of ：未達到：

His success fell ~ of our expectations. 他的成就未達到我們預期。

 *~ of = except 除外：

The boy did everything wrong ~ of cheating in the exam. 這男孩除了作弊外一切錯事都做了。

*sell +人 ~ 背叛，欺騙/ sell short 賣空

*call….. for short 簡稱：His name is Robert; we call him Bob for ~

*in ~ = in a word= to sum up總之

*nothing ~ of 具有: There is nothing ~ of sincerity in his statement. 他的談話有誠意。

shortly adv. 即刻，不久 = in a short time ；~ 常置於副詞片語

或子句前：

Do not exercise ~ (right/ immediately) after a meal勿餐後立刻運動。

38) 副詞與倒裝句：

Up came the singing of the happy shoemaker living upstairs. (住在樓上那位快樂鞋匠的歌聲傳來。)

表示動作方向的副詞 或副詞片語置於句首時，如主詞是：

1. 名詞或名詞片語，後須接倒裝句，即 V. + S.，如本句，= The singing of the ……came up。本句若不倒裝，則句子語氣太弱，因主詞與動詞相隔太遠。另例：

Then came words that his Army Reserve unit was moving out. 然後消息傳來，他所屬的陸軍後備部隊正要開拔。

2. 代名詞則不必。比較：                              

i. Away flew the birds.  鳥兒飛走了。

ii. Away they flew.  

iii. Towards the teacher walked the boy with his parents. 男孩和父母走向老師。

iv. Towards the teacher they walked.

3. Here 和 There 所引導的句子亦同：

Here comes the train.  火車來了。 = The train is coming and is here.

Here you go! 拿走吧！There goes the bus. = The bus is leaving (or it left.)  火車開了。

There it goes.  它走了。

*There you go again!   你又來 (這套)！

04/07/2014