2014年4月30日 星期三

字詞研究 (66)

字詞研究 (66)

第二章:字源/字根相同字

(Words with Identical Roots)

43) design /designate:

1. design  v.  設計;~ er 設計
 a. An architect is hired to ~ the garden in the palace. 一位建築師受聘來設計
宮殿內的花園。 

b. “The show was actually ~ ed with Oxygen in mind,” he says. 他說這場戲
設計時,心中真正想到的是Oxygen這個戲

~ n. fashion ~ 服裝設計;interior ~ 室內設計
a. Good engineering should advertise itself with good ~ 好的工程應以好的設計
為自己廣告 (Phillip 公司之廣告)

b. The ~ of i-Pod is beautiful and the operation is intuitive. 隨身聽 (i-Pod) 的設計
漂亮,且操作是覺的

*have ~ upon +   (企圖謀害..) 
                    
*D~ ers, inspired by their own kids, are shrinking sleek furniture looks into
practical pieces that fit in with their own aesthetics.*
受到自己小孩的激勵,設計師不再用外貌耀眼的傢俱,而改用適合他們
自己審美的實用傢俱。(註:inspire v. 鼓舞,shrink v. 縮水,sleek a. = smooth
and shiny光滑的,aesthetics n.Gs's$t0ks n. 審美學)

2. designate  vt. 標明;指出 (= point out);任命 (= appoint)
a. Mr. Thompson was ~d Secretary of Treasury. Thompson 先生被任命為財政
部長~ n. 事先選定或指派的人員 
 
b. The new governor- ~ is related to the King. 被選派的新總督和國王有親戚
關係

c. This area is ~d for smoke-free. Thanks for your cooperation. 本地區已標明設定
為禁煙區;謝謝合作。

d. Prof. Greenberg and his music courses should be ~d as national treasures.
Greenberg教授與其音樂課程應指定作為國家之寶。

e. The judgment does not ~ the amount to be paid for child support.本判未標明
小孩扶養費。designation n. 指派,稱呼
比較consign  v. 委託;resign [ r0'za0n ] v. 辭職resignation n.
A letter of resignation was submitted to the office of the Secretary. 辭職信送到
部長室。

co-sign v. assign v. 指定 (工作)    assignment  n.   
         
       He returned to active duties as a U.S. Navy officer assigned to intelligence work.
他回去當海軍軍官的實際職務-被指派作情報工作

04/30/2014



2014年4月29日 星期二

笑一笑 十年少 (1)

笑一笑  十年少   (1)


1.生 日快樂
局長最喜歡的一位女祕書工 作上毫無過錯,卻被局長炒魷魚了;
朋友問何故?
局長說:「前幾天我過生日,她邀請我去她家過,還特別告訴我她老公出差了,進門後她讓我待在客廳,叫我五分鐘後再 進去臥室,然後她就很神秘的走進臥室。」 
朋友急切地問到:「然後呢?  
局 長憤怒地說:「我推進臥室門後,頓時被嚇暈了,全單位同事都擠在臥室裡,點著蠟燭齊聲唱著生日快樂歌。」 
朋 友吸了口氣:「那有什麼?」 
「他媽的,老子是脫光了進去的!」 

2.
尖鋒時段客運車上乘客滿車,司機突然回頭一看,他大叫:誰叫你們全部擠在車廂中間?
乘客無奈回答:是你叫我們討厭的站前面,難看的站後面! 
司 機:夭壽喔!我是講‘桃園的站前面,南坎的站後面!’
 
3.
爸 爸
兩個喜歡看熱鬧的好朋友相約去逛街,走著走 著,看到路邊有一群人圍觀,似乎是車禍。
兩個人努力的想擠進人群中,但無論怎麼擠都擠不進去。
其中一人靈機一動大聲嚷嚷:
借過一下,受傷的是我爸爸!
結果擠進一看,躺在地上的是隻豬。   

04/29/2014


2014年4月28日 星期一

文法淺釋系列 (72)

文法淺釋系列 (72)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

四、 副詞 (Adverb):修飾:動詞、形容詞、另一副詞、
全句(前、後述)

49 No + 抽象名詞作副詞片語用以修飾後接的全句:

No wonder, the immigration reform movement is gaining on every front. (難怪,在每一正面移民改革的發展一直增加著。)
wonder  n. 
1.No (Small ; Little) ~, + 句子 = It is no ~  that + 子句  (難怪) ; wonder *「後加一逗號是正式用法」   
a. With so much at stake, no wonder the companies built a formidable lobbying machine. 因為有這麼多風險,難怪公司造了一項令人頑強的遊說機器。

b. Inflammation is the body’s first defense against infection, but when it goes awry, it can lead to heart attacks, colon cancer, Alzheimer’s and a host of other diseases. No ~, the ancient Romans likened inflammation to being on fire.

發炎是身體對疾病感染的第一線防衛,但是當它出差錯時,會導 致心臟病、大腸癌、老人癡呆症和許多其他疾病。難怪古代羅馬  人把它比喻成火燒。
(a host of = many 許多;liken ….to 比喻..)
比較:
It is no surprise that the largest number of these agencies are located in the city.這些機構大多集中位於本市就不足為奇了。

*Perhaps, it is no surprise that traders in the credit-default swaps meet have recently made bets on the unthinkable: that America may default on its debts.
或許不令人驚奇的是,在不守信用的跳蚤市場裡的生意人,最近在不可思議的買賣下了賭注- 美國也許欠債不還。

2. No (Beyond) doubt, + 句子 = It is no (beyond)  ~ that + 句子  (毫無疑問地)
= Undoubtedly, it does not make sense to miss this opportunity.
= It does not make any sense, ~, to miss this opportunity.
毫無疑問,錯過這個機會是沒道理的       

1.     其他置於句首句中用以修飾後接的全句之副詞:

fortunately 幸運的是,= it is fortunate that     
obviously, = (Apparently,) 顯明地,= it is obvious (apparent) that… 
hopefully 但願; 希望                 = we are hopeful that …
intermittently, 時斷時續地,            = it is intermittent that ….
paradoxically, 似非而是地,            = it is paradoxical that..
presumably, 據推測,                  = it is presumed that..
undoubtedly, 毫無疑問地,             = it is undoubted that…
ironically, 諷刺地,                     = it is ironical that…….
            
I~, the rise of modern democracies coincided with a new kind of conqueror.”
諷刺地,現代民主國家的崛起與新的一種征服者巧合。
(coincide v. `ko0n'sa0d巧合)

typically,  典型地
T~, one or more environmental groups will file a lawsuit against a developer.
典型地,環保團體會告一位開發商。比較

Words are in a real sense living things.  = In a real sense, words are living things.
(文字以真正的意義而言,是活的東西。)  (注:in a sense 在某意義上,作修飾
全句用)

Justin Lai

04/28/2014



2014年4月27日 星期日

不氣歌(八-1)

不氣歌(八-1


他人氣我我不氣,我的心中有主意。

君子量大同天地,好壞事物包在裡。

小人量小不容人,常常氣人氣自己。

世間事物般般有,豈能盡如我的意?

彌勒菩薩笑哈哈,大著肚子裝天地。


04/27/2014


2014年4月26日 星期六

2014年4月25日 星期五

文法淺釋系列 (71)

文法淺釋系列 (71)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

四、 副詞 (Adverb):修飾:動詞、形容詞、另一副詞、
全句(前、後述)

48) than then 對初學英文者常會混淆;即使受過教育者; 亦甚至常寫白字:

A. than conj. 連接詞,通常接於比較級形容詞或副詞之後:
a. He is lazier than his brothers. 他比弟弟們懶惰。

b. John is a person than whom no one has a kinder heart.John 的心比別人慈善。
(* than 作介詞用)
Something is better ~ nothing. 聊勝於無 (怨無不怨少- 台語)
Better late ~never. 晚到總比不到好。                                     
, 有些比較級並不一定加 than
l Fidel Castro is not a friend of Mexico, much less of the United States.
卡斯楚 (古巴總統) 不是墨西哥的朋友, 更非美國之友
 比較
The property, less normal wear and tear, must be kept in good condition.
扣除正常耗損之外, 地產應保持良好狀況

Baby boomers opt to ‘renew” rather than retire.  戰後出生嬰兒潮人們選擇更新
生活而非退休

B. then adv. 副詞
a. 在當時 = at that time 用於指過去或未來時間
Jack was seriously hurt ~.  當時傑克傷重。
She will show us the way out ~. 到時她會告訴我們如何出去。
 (* then-n. 當時擔任)

The following year, then-Gov. Gray Davis dropped funding from the state budget.
次年,當時的州長 Gary Davis 從州政府的預算中取走經費
b. and then然後 (如本句) / = besides 而且

I did not feel good, and ~, it wasn’t the right time. 當時我心情不好; 尚且時
機也不對

She went towards me, and then handed me a note. (她走向我然後交給我一張字條)

c. now……then….. 一會兒.另一會兒
Now he was crying; ~ he was laughing. 他又哭又笑。

 “Monks then, Tourists now. 當時是修道士住的地方, 現在是觀光旅館。

l Then main difference between then and now is that, in those days, there were very few organized activities.
當時與現在主要的區別,在當時有組織的活動很少。

d. now and ~ = sometimes 三不五時; 偶爾 (詳閱副詞部分)

比較It’s now or never一不做二不休(現在不愛我,就沒有機會了)
Elvis Presley  (已故美國貓王名曲之一;仿義大利民謠,O Sole Mio,中譯
Oh, My Son可愛的陽光)

*兩位偷車賊在車主進入屋內好一會兒後,其中一位對另一位說:「
It’s now or never.(現在不偷就沒有機會了。)

e. (置於句首或句尾) “那麼
 ~, that’s the best I can do.  那,我能做的就是如此Take care, ~! 那麼,
再見!

f. ~ and there = there and ~ 當場 = on the spot
The innocent children fell on their knees ~ and there.   無辜的孩子們當場下跪。

Justin Lai

04/25/2014