文法淺釋系列 (59)

文法淺釋系列 (59)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

四、 副詞 (Adverb)：修飾：動詞、形容詞、另一副詞、

全句(前、後述)

18) So在句中之地位

1. so (adv.) + V. + Sub. ：〔 so  adv.  = also (too) 也是如此〕：   

 他說出實情；你也如此。

He told the truth; so did you.= He told me the truth, and so did you.

= He told me the truth. So did you.

Jane has left; so has Joe.     Jane 走了；Joe 也走了

2. So + Subj. + V.： 〔so 作代名詞，代替前述所說的事〕：

Ann: Mark is very brave.  Ann說：Mark 很英。

Tom: Eric is intelligent.  John: So he is.  (Tom 說：Eric 是聰明。John

說：是的，他是)。                

Helen: So he is. (= Yes, Mark is very brave.) Helen說：是的,他是。若 Helen

回答：So is he. ； 則he就不是指 Mark 了。

Ann:  Tom won the grand prize.  Tom 贏了第一大獎。 Helen: So I heard.  (=I heard that Tom won.) 我是聽說他贏了。

                        

3. Subj. + V. + so. :   〔so 作adv. 或代名詞, 代替前述的事〕：

Ann: Will she make good at the test?  她會考得好？

Mary: I hope so.  希望如此。= I hope that she will make good at the test.

他例：I guess so. I think so.  I suppose so. 〔 So 此處乃附和前述肯定的事〕

* 若為否定則用 not：                                                                             

Did you hurt yourself?  你傷到了嗎？ I hope not.  希望沒有 = I hope that I  did not hurt yourself.  

他例：I guess not. 我猜想沒有。 I suppose not.  我以為沒有。

We hope not. 我們希望不會。

1.     neither (nor) + V. + Sub.  Neither (nor) 表示否定= “也不”；與前述否定

句呼應〕：

 他們不會接受這條件；我們也不會。             

They will not accept the offer； nor (neither) will we.

 = They will not accept the offer, and nor (neither) will we.

= They will not accept the offer. Nor (Neither) will we.   (=We will not accept it, either)

We don’t trust our car to any technician. Neither should you. 我們不會隨便把汽車委託任何一位技師保養；你們也不應該如此。

比較：

*He uses words that no one can possibly understand nor care to look up. 他使用的字眼無人能瞭解，人家也不介意去翻閱字典。

19) How come you fell out with a fellow passenger? ( 你何以會跟同車的旅客吵架？)  (註：fall out with + 人，與某人爭吵 = quarrel with + 人)

      

 How come + Subj. + V……? = How does (does/did) it come that  + 子句 ? = Why? (為何會..?) it 作虛主詞代替真主詞 that +主句

*注意：how come 屬口語 (colloquial)； 正式用法中避免使用。

比較：

How is it that you are always coming late?  你為何老遲到?

=Why are you always coming late?  (it 指後述的子句)

02/24/2014

Justin Lai 編

英語漫談