文法淺釋-
(112)
文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)
八、動狀詞 (Verbal) (又稱變體動詞)
43) Gone
are the days when we were young and gay. (我們曾經年輕和歡樂的日子已經過去了。)
1.
原句應為:The days when we were
young and gay are gone. 句中 when…gay
為形容詞子句修飾主詞 the days.
*曾有一部電影 ”To Sir with Love” 中譯「吾愛吾師」, 其中主題曲,
有一句歌詞”Those
school days of biting nails are gone…” 從前年輕時在學校咬
指甲(年輕而無憂慮)的時光 已經過去了…”
2.
The ‘Jewel of the Colorado’ is gone for good. 柯羅拉多之珠
(湖名) 永遠消失了。
3. S. + be + gone; 句中主詞也可以是”人”,
比較:
He is going 他將去。He is gone (他走了=
He left. 或 He died. 他過世了。)
**注意:可以說” You are going.”, 但,不可說” You are gone.”
*〔曾經有兩位癌症末期患者住在同一「安樂」(尊嚴死) 病房內, 因為同病
相「鄰」每天天亮時,彼此會看看對方床鋪是否空著 (因過世而被抬走)
,若對方還在」, 會彼此安慰地說:“I
am so glad that you are not gone”
—很高興你尚未走 (die)!
)
** “Gone with the Wind” –描寫美國南北戰爭的一部小說, 中文譯作「飄」
(取自原作中之一句- “ …the
civilization is gone with the wind.” 此文明隨風
而逝;為何中文版作此譯?令人不解。) ,它曾被拍為電影;中文片名卻譯作
「亂世佳人」由Clark Gable 與Vivien Leigh 合演;曾轟動多年,屬電影中之
classic (經典) 。
比較:
a. He is too far gone to reason. =
He has gone too far to reason.
他太過分了,以致於昏了頭。 (失去理智)
Doctors worked furiously for 30 minutes to
revive her even though her heart and lungs were too far gone to respond. 醫生們慌亂地花了30分鐘要使她甦醒,即使她早就沒有了心肺功能。
b. He is gay 他高興。
He is a gay 他是位男同性戀者。 = He is homosexual.
Gay marriage is approved in some states. 在某些州同性戀結婚法案被通過。
* 注意:不可說:She is a gay. 應說:She is a lesbian 女同性戀。
44) Wind-pushed
waves crash into the pier in the Panama City Beach, Fa.
(由強風推入的海浪,衝入佛州巴拿馬市海灘上的橋墩。)
名詞-p.p. (vt) 通常作限制用法, 後接名詞:
A. wind-pushed waves =
waves (which are) pushed by wind 風吹起的浪花
frost-bitten hands = hands (that are) bitten by frost 飽經風霜的雙手
sun-burned face = face (that is ) burned
by the sun 太陽曬黑的面孔
sugar-coated pill =
pill (that is) coated with sugar 糖衣藥丸
B. * U.S. courts open the way to physician-assisted suicide. Doctors must
figure out what that means. 美國法庭開放藉醫生幫助的自我解脫的方法。醫生
們必須去瞭解其意義。
Joe Walker
wades in hurricane-driven
floodwaters in St. Marks.
Joe Walker 在聖馬克市被颶風帶來的洪水中涉水而過。
(drive v. 驅趕 ~ drove driven)
Caffeine-laden energy drinks are very
popular, but experts disagree on
their
possible
benefits.雖然含咖啡因的提神飲料很流行,但專家們對於它們可能的益處卻有不一致看法。
Image-laden
DVDs and retractable art are changing the flat- pane plasma TVs.
外面滿布畫像的DVD,和可伸縮自如的藝術,正改變平面的電漿電視機
的外觀。
The Lincoln performs, with a sport-tuned suspension. 這部林肯汽車跑起來具有
跑車的避震器調適感。
比較:
hard-earned money = money that is
earned by working hard 血汗掙來的錢
ill-gotten money = money which is gotten in a dishonest way 不義之財
***
quick and easy money 橫財
adv- ving / -p.p.:
But the poor and fast-growing places are not the
only ones with a hunger for coal.
可是貧困與快速成長的地區並非唯一渴望獲得燃煤的國家。他例:
ever-changing
rules 一再改變的規則
India
and some other Asian countries will become
highly-developed countries.
印度及其它亞州國家將成為高度發展國家。他例:commonly-adopted
methods普
遍被採用的方法
*名詞-ing 通常作限制用法, 後接名詞:
Impeach the justices who refuse to respect the US constitution and the law-abiding.
彈劾那些拒絕尊重美國憲法與守法人們的大法官們。(law-abiding citizens)
energy- saving lights
省電燈具(*可用adj.代替,如fuel-efficient
vehicles省油汽車)
;time-wasting public
hearing費時的公聽會
07/06/2015
Justin Lai 編
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